Artificial Selection And Domestication Flashcards

Question

Home range definition

Answer 1

A restricted area within which individual groups of animals live Usually the area around a home site over t which the animals search for food

Answer 2

An area defended from others of the same species Usually by males

Answer 3

Sheep and goats have a social system based around a single dominant leader and have a home range Gazelle and deer are territorial animals that live in herds without any social structure based on dominance hierarchies So sheep and goats more easily kept in captive conditions as social leader replaced with a human

Answer 4

Reduction in body size Changes in body proportions and appearance Internal characters and dentition Neoteny Behavioural changes Castration

Answer 5

Dwarf and giant varieties Piebald coat colour Wavy or curly hair Rolled tails Floppy ears Shortened tails- fewer vertebrae Changes in reproductive cycles (all species except sheep)

Answer 6

Poor nutrition limiting growth Selection for smaller, more manageable animals

Answer 7

Variation in colouration Thickness of wool coats Self-shedding wool has been bred out of modern sheep

Answer 8

switch from storage of fat around the visceral organs to subcutaneous locations and as bands within muscles. —-Fat may be less desirable now from a nutritional perspective but in early societies it was valued as a key food stuff and so there was selection for increased fat deposition Decrease in brain size

Answer 9

Retention of juvenile characteristics in sexually mature adult animals

Answer 10

Ensures dominance over domesticated animals due to juvenile behaviour

Answer 11

Bones grow in length rather than girth More fat laid down in body tissues Placating effect on make animals- useful for potentially aggressive species

Answer 12

Historical value fuels interest in old breeds Breed differentiation provides genetic variability within the population of any species as a whole. Loss of any breed type leads to a reduction in the genetic pool. Maintenance of ancient breed types is critical to ensure that relatively unselected animals, genetically relatively close to the wild progenitor, are available for modern breeding programmes Conditions that favour human population growth also favour breed diversification Breed diversification is more likely in remote or difficult areas of the globe

Answer 13

A sudden heritable change in the genetic material (duplication, replacement or deletion of a gene)

Answer 14

A gradation of measurable characters that are unidirectional and pass into each other without discrete breaks in sequence - non-discreet mutation produces a subtle change and due to interbreeding a cline is produced

Answer 15

Mating of individuals more closely related than average pairs in the population

Answer 16

1:- A type of animal is defined that is more useful and desirable than the ordinary type but it is not differentiated in pedigree. This distinction may reflect recognition of a cline or the development of a mutation 2:- Some of the best animals of that type are gathered into one or a few herds, which then cease to introduce much outside blood. This population then undergoes inbreeding so that the animals become distinct from other animals in other captive populations.

Answer 17

1:- A type of animal is defined that is more useful and desirable than the ordinary type but it is not differentiated in pedigree. This distinction may reflect recognition of a cline or the development of a mutation 2:- Some of the best animals of that type are gathered into one or a few herds, which then cease to introduce much outside blood. This population then undergoes inbreeding so that the animals become distinct from other animals in other captive populations.

Answer 18

Discrete mutations Clines

Answer 19

Discrete mutations Clines

Answer 20

3:- If this process is successful then the breed becomes more popular and more herds are established from the original inbred population. Marketing of the breed is crucial in getting accepted and expanding its numbers. 4:- Once the breed becomes numerous, a herdbook is established to record the numerous pedigrees. 5:- A breed society is formed to safeguard the breed and to advance the interest of the breeders.

Answer 21

1300- NE Europe

Answer 22

Beef Dairy Dual-purpose

Answer 23

Yield Hardiness Rate of maturing Eg Lincoln red, Aberdeen angus

Answer 24

Buttermilk content Yield Eg Ayrshire , jersey

Answer 25

Yield of milk and meat Location Eg south Devon, belted Galloway

Answer 26

Cavia aperea Cavia tschudii

Answer 27

African wild cat- Felis sylvestris

Answer 28

Cats probably ‘self-domesticated’ because they were attracted to human habitation by rodent pest of food stores. Killing mice and rats would have endeared cats to early humans.