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Adults > assessment of respiratory function (Exam 1) > Flashcards

assessment of respiratory function (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the upper resp tract?

A

nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, tonsils, and adenoids, larynx, trachea, epiglottis

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2
Q

what is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

A

warm/filter inspired air

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3
Q

how many lobes are in each lung?

A

3 on the right, 2 on the left

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4
Q

what is the serous membrane outside of the lungs?

A

pleura

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5
Q

what are the layers of pleura?

A

visceral inner parietal layer, surfactant fluid middle later

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6
Q

whta is the mediastinum

A

the chest cavity

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7
Q

what is in the mediastinum?

A

lungs, heart, thymus, aorta, vena cava, esophagus

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8
Q

what is the site of gas exchange?

A

alveoli

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9
Q

how many alveoli are there and how much space do they take up?

A

300 mill
50-100 m^2 of space

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10
Q

what is pleural effusion?

A

too much fluid in the space = hard to breathing

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11
Q

ruptured pleural lining can lead to ______ lung pressure and the pressure can lead to _____

A

positive
collapse

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12
Q

what uses oxygen at the cellular level

A

respiration

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13
Q

what is the act of moving air in/out

A

ventilation

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14
Q

what is pulmonary blood supply to the lungs?

A

perfusion

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15
Q

what is oxygen and blood exchange?

A

diffusion

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16
Q

assessment what is the balance between ventilation and perfusion?

A

they must be equal and each effects the other

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17
Q

what in the CNS involves respiration

A

medulla and pons

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18
Q

what from the CNS helps resting respirations

A

phrenic nerve

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19
Q

what center of the brain involves deep respirations

A

apneustic center

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20
Q

chemoreceptors respond to ______ changes

A

pH

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21
Q

where do chemoreceptors respond to pH changes?

A

medulla

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22
Q

where do chemoreceptors sense PaCO2, PaO2, and pH?

A

in aortic arch and carotid artery

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23
Q

what responds to stretch, irritants, and juxtacapillary receptors (changes breath pattern)

A

mechanoreceptors

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24
Q

what are muscles that respond to movement?

A

proprioceptors

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25
Q

where are baroreceptors found?

A

in aortic arch and carotid

26
Q

what involves change in arterial BP?

A

baroreceptors

27
Q

as we age, alveoli decrease in ______ and ______

A

surface area and elasticity

28
Q

what aids in diagnosis and assessment of respiratory function

A

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

29
Q

what measures gas exchange at the cellular level?

A

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

30
Q

what measures the balance of oxygen used by tissues and amount of oxygen returning to the right side of the heart

A

venous blood gases (VBGs)

31
Q

what noninvasively measures O2 saturation of hemoglobin

A

pulse ox

32
Q

what is the non-invasive method of monitoring parietal pressure of CO2 at end exhalation?

A

end-tidal carbon dioxide

33
Q

what is an excision of small amount of tissue for exam of cells

A

biopsy

34
Q

what tells us how the lungs are working by looking at various parts of resp. tract via live xray on a video screen

A

fluoroscopy

35
Q

what scan assesses for inflammation

A

gallium scan

36
Q

what scan do you inject radioactive dye in the vein then inhale radioactive gas with oxygen?

A

V/Q scan

37
Q

what is where a scope is placed in intercostal space to examine pleaural cavity

A

thoracoscopy

38
Q

ROME acronym

A

resp. opposite met. equal

39
Q

what is the normal pH for ABGs?

A

7.35-7.45

40
Q

what is normal PaCO2 for ABGs?

A

35-45

41
Q

what is normal HCO3 for ABGs?

A

22-26

42
Q

what values lead to respiratory acidosis?

A

low pH, high PaCO2

43
Q

what values lead to respiratory alkalosis?

A

high pH, low PaCO2

44
Q

what values lead to metabolic acidosis?

A

low pH, low HCO3

45
Q

what values lead to metabolic alkalosis?

A

high pH, high HCO3

46
Q

what is decreased oxygen to tissues and cells

A

hypoxia

47
Q

hat si a decrease in oxygen in arterial blood

A

hypoxemia

48
Q

what is inadequate capillary circulation?

A

circulatory hypoxia

49
Q

what is ingested toxin that impairs the body’s ability to use oxygen?

A

histotoxic hypoxia

50
Q

what is the volume of air that normally movies in and out of the lungs in one quiet breath

A

tidal volume

51
Q

what is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation?

A

inspiratory reserve volume

52
Q

what is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation?

A

expiratory reserve volume

53
Q

what is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation, air that can not be exhaled

A

residual volume

54
Q

what is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

A

vital capacity

55
Q

how to calculate vital capacity?

A

TV+IRV+ERV

56
Q

what is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation

A

inspiratory capacity

57
Q

ow to calculate inspiratory capacity?

A

TV+IRV

58
Q

what is the volume of air remaining after normal exhalation

A

functional residual capacity

59
Q

how to calculate functional residual capacity?

A

ERV+RV

60
Q

what is the maximum amount of air the lungs can accomodate?

A

total lung capacity

61
Q

how to calculate total lung capacity

A

IC+FRC

Adults (35 decks)

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