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Adults > diabetes > Flashcards

diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

what is the goal of diabetes?

A

to prevent complication

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2
Q

what groups is there more prevalence for diabetes?

A

AAs, hispanic americans, asian americans, native americans

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3
Q

classifications of diabetes

A

-type 1
-type 2
-gestational diabetes
-latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)
-diabetes associated with other conditions or syndromes

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4
Q

what helps prevent prediabetes

A

screenings

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5
Q

what are the risk factors of COVID-19 involving diabetes?

A

-inc. risk of contracting covid
-increased risk of hospitalization w/ covid
-inc, risk of intubation and mortality

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6
Q

what is the hormone secreted by the beta cells

A

insulin

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7
Q

what organ has beta cells that produce insulin?

A

pancreas

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8
Q

as blood sugar drops, the secretion of insulin _____

A

subsides

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9
Q

what are some actions of insulin?

A

transport/metabolism for energy, stop glucose release, stimulate glycogen storage in muscle, enhance storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue, transport amino acids in cells, inhibit breakdown of storage glucose, protein, and fat

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10
Q

liver stores glucose in the form of _______

A

glycogen

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11
Q

_______ is the main source of energy

A

glucose

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12
Q

patho of insulin

A

glucose drops -> increased glycogenolysis (breakdown of stored glucose) and gluconeogenesis (production of glucose) -> blood glucose increases

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13
Q

what type of diabetes is the destruction of pancreatic beta cells

A

type 1

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14
Q

what type of diabetes has an exogenous insulin dependency

A

type 1

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15
Q

diabetes type 1 is an autoimmune response to ….

A

-genetics
-immunologic
-environmental

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16
Q

patho of type 1 diabetes

A

no insulin -> glycogenolysis (breakdown of stored glucose) -> gluconeogenesis (production of glucose) -> hyperglycemia -> glucose not stored in blood -> remains in blood stream -> post-prandial hyperglycemia (180-200) -> kidneys can’t reabsorb -> glycosuria and osmotic diuresis

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17
Q

when is type 2 diabetes diagnosed

A

after 30

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18
Q

what is any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy

A

gestational diabetes

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19
Q

secretion of _______ causes insulin resistance during pregnancy

A

placental hormones

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20
Q

gestational diabetes increases the risk of developing _______ disorders during pregnancy

A

hypertensive

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21
Q

what is the progression of autoimmune beta cell destruction?

A

latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)

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22
Q

when is LADA diagnosed?

A

<50

23
Q

what is the BMI of someone with LADA

A

< 25

24
Q

clinical manifestations of diabetes

A

-polyuria
-polydipsia
-polyphagia

25
Q

eat a snack of how many carbs before exercise with diabetes?

A

15g

26
Q

onset of rapid-acting

A

15-30 mins

27
Q

peak of rapid

A

30 min - 2.5 hours

28
Q

duration of rapid

A

3-6 hours

29
Q

onset of short acting

A

30-60 min

30
Q

peak of short acting

A

1-5 hr

31
Q

duration of short acting

A

6-10 hr

32
Q

onset of intermediate

A

1-2 hr

33
Q

peak of intermediate

A

4-12 hr

34
Q

duration of intermediate

A

16 hr

35
Q

onset of long acting

A

2-4 hr

36
Q

peak of long acting

A

continuous

37
Q

duration if long acting

A

24

38
Q

what is an example of biguanides and what is the action

A

-metformin
-reduce production of glucose by the liver

39
Q

side effects and implication of metformin

A

-se=lactic acidosis
-hold 48 hrs prior and after contrast dye

40
Q

what are DPP4 inhibitors

A

“gliptan”s

41
Q

side effect of DPP4 inhibitors

A

-upper resp infection
-runny nose / sore throat
-headache

42
Q

what letter do sulfonylurea drugs start with?

A

G

43
Q

what is the target glucose in the hospital?

A

140-180

44
Q

s/sx of hypoglycemia?

A

HA, cold, clamy, confused, hungry, dizzy, shaky

45
Q

what type of diabetes is DKA found in?

A

1

46
Q

metabolic derangement as a result of insulin deficiency

A

DKA

47
Q

what is the glucose range of DKA

A

250-800

48
Q

what is included in DKA?

A

-hyperglycemia
-ketosis
-metabolic acidosis

49
Q

what is treatment of DKA?

A

rehydrate (NaCl 0.9% or D5W if over 300)
restore electrolytes
reverse acidosis with insulin continuous infusion

50
Q

what type is HHS found in

A

2

51
Q

glucose levels of hhs

A

600-2000

52
Q

is there acidosis in hhs

A

no

53
Q

is there ketonuris in hhs

A

mild or undetected

54
Q

management of hhs

A

-rehydrate!!!
-restore electrolytes
-control hyperglycemia with insulin, not too fast

Adults (35 decks)

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