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vascular disorders Flashcards

1
Q

arteries carry _____ blood _____ the heart

A

oxygenated, away

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2
Q

veins carry _____ blood _____ the heart

A

deoxygenated, back to

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3
Q

arteries carry blood from the ____ to the ____

A

aorta to the body

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4
Q

veins return blood via the _______

A

inferior and superior vena cava

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5
Q

what does the lymphatic system do?

A

-fluid/waste removal
-absorption of fatty acids
-produce immune cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, plasma)

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6
Q

what is a disorder of natural blood flow?

A

peripheral vascular disease

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of PVD?

A

arterial and venous disorders

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8
Q

what are examples of arterial disorders?

A

reynauds, intermittent claudication

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9
Q

if you have peripheral artery disease, you are also likely to have _____ simultaneously

A

CAD

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10
Q

what is an example of venous disorders

A

chronic venous insufficiency

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11
Q

what kind of disorder is where there is not enough blood to the lower extremities (clogged blockages)?

A

arterial

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12
Q

what kind of disorder is characterized by pressure from blood not returning to the heart?

A

venous

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13
Q

what is a sign of intermittent claudication

A

painful ambulation

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14
Q

what is a cause of intermittent claudication?

A

atherosclerosis

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15
Q

what is the process of intermittent claudication?

A

-narrowing of arteries in legs
-reduced blood flow
-ischemia / limb necrosis

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16
Q

does pain with intermittent claudication increase or decrease with ambulation?

A

increase

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17
Q

presentation of client with intermittent claudication?

A

-leg pain
-erythema legs/feet
-wound (hard to heal)
-cool skin

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18
Q

labs and tests to find intermittent claudication

A

-CBC BMP D-dimer
-CT/MRI
-vascular ultrasound
-angiography

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19
Q

acute interventions for intermittent claudication

A

-rest legs (dependent position)
-warm compresses

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20
Q

surgical interventions for intermittent claudication

A

-angioplasty
-vascular surgery (bypass)

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21
Q

what are complications of intermittent claudication?

A

-limb ischemia
-pain at rest and walking
-hard to heal ulcers

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22
Q

causes of reynauds?

A

-cold
-stress
-smoking
-idiopathic

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23
Q

what is happening in reynauds?

A

-smaller arteries to skin = narrow
-limits blood flow via vasospasm

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24
Q

how will the client presents with reynauds?

A

-n/t in fingers/toes
-skin pale / blue / reddened

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25
Q

pharmacology for reynauds

A

-calcium channel blockers
-vasodilators

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26
Q

what calcium channel blockers are used fro reynauds?

A

-amlodipine

27
Q

what vasodilator is used for reynauds?

A

nitro

28
Q

nursing care for reynauds

A

-gradual warming
-pain relievers
-avoid cold
-quit smoking
-avoid stress
-wounds

29
Q

what are venous thromboembolisms and types

A

moving blood clot, DVT and PE

30
Q

what do you use for VTE prophylaxis? (DVT/PE)

A

-heparin SQ (5000 u )
-enoxaparin SQ (weight based)

31
Q

causes of VTEs?

A

-virchow’s triad (endothelial damage, venous stasis, altered coag)
-immobility
-surgery/injury
-pregnancy

32
Q

what makes up virchow’s triad?

A

-endothelial damage (artery lining)
-venous stasis (not moving)
-altered coagulation (higher risk)

33
Q

how does a patient with VTE present?

A

-asymptomatic
-redness to calf
-tender/pain
-edema

34
Q

what are labs used to find VTE?

A

-CBC/BMP
-D-Dimer
-venous doppler US

35
Q

pharmacology for VTE (and examples)

A

anticoagulants (apixaban and enoxaparin)

36
Q

acute interventions of VTE

A

-TPA (altepase)only if PE
-thrombectomy
-vena cava filter

37
Q

complications of VTE

A

-pulmonary embolism (PE)
-CVA
-PTS (post thrombotic syndrome)

38
Q

causes of chronic venous insufficiency?

A

-vericose veins!!!
-age
-extended sitting/standing
-PTS
-trauma

39
Q

what happens in chronic venous insufficiency

A

-venous valves incompetent
-stretch = improper closing of veins
-pooling of blood in veins
-increased pressure = increased stretch

40
Q

how will clint present with chronic venous insufficiency?

A

-swelling on lower extremities
-aching / fatigue in legs
-vericose veins
-color change
-flaking/itchy skin
-venous stasis ulcers (wet)

41
Q

labs to find CVI?

A

-CBC/BMP
-D-Dimer

42
Q

diagnostic tests to find CVI

A

-vascular US
-CT
-XRay

43
Q

pharmacology used for CVI

A

-antibiotics (if infection present)
-vena stat

44
Q

complications of CVI

A

-cellulitis
-difficult to heal ulcers

45
Q

nursing care and considerations for CVI

A

-compression socks
-avoid prolonged sitting/standing
-catch early
-elevate legs
-good hygeine
-quit smoking

46
Q

causes of lymphedema

A

removal/damage of lymph node

47
Q

what is happening in lymphedema

A

-swelling unilateral or bilateral
-lymph system blocked
-lack of drainage
-tissue swelling / edema

48
Q

how will a client with lymphedema present?

A

-swelling in one or both arm/leg
-heavyness/tightness
-dec. ROM
-fibrosis

49
Q

diagnostics used to diagnose lymphedema?

A

-CT scan
-dopper US

50
Q

meds that can help with lymphedema?

A

antibiotics

51
Q

treatments for lymphedema?

A

-compression
-decongestive therapy
-surgery

52
Q

complications from lymphedema?

A

cellulitis

53
Q

considerations for lymphedema?

A

-compression dressing!!
-elevate
-avoid ice/heat
-good hygeine
avoid tight clothes

54
Q

causes of cellulitis?

A

-injury
-skin conditions
-lymphedema
-immunocompromised
-animal bites

55
Q

what happens with lymphedema?

A

-infection in tissue
-spreads through blood / lymph
-can be life threatening

56
Q

how will client present with cellulitis?

A

-red/swell
-pain/tender
-warmth
-progress to S&S of infection

57
Q

labs to diagnose cellulitis

A

-CBC / BMP
-BLOOD CULTURES
-OUTLINE W MARKER
-CT SCAN

58
Q

meds that can help cellulitis (and examples)

A

-antibiotics (vanc/penicillin/clindamycin)

59
Q

what route of meds are chosen for cellulitis?

A

oral first, if no response IV

60
Q

complications from cellulitis?

A

sepsis
lymphedema
necrotizing fasciitis

61
Q

how can nurses help with cellulitis

A

-proper wound care
-protect skin
-DM care
-treat infection
-elevate
-cool damp cloth
-analgesics

62
Q

proper wound care for cellulitis

A

soap and water

63
Q

how to protect skin with cellulitis

A

clean, dry, cover

64
Q

why do you elevate with cellulitis?

A

blood back to heart

Adults (35 decks)

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