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Adults > cardio system > Flashcards

cardio system Flashcards

1
Q

describe coronary blood flow

A

inferior and superior vena cava, right atria, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins (left atria), bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, systemic circulation

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2
Q

systole is the _____ phase, while diastole is the _____ phase

A

contracting, relaxation

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3
Q

during diastole, what do the 4 chambers of the heart do?

A

relax simultaneously

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4
Q

describe systole?

A

not simultaneous, atrial systole is at the end of diastole, and then ventricular diastole

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5
Q

what is the widow-maker

A

circumflex artery and left anterior descending

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6
Q

what makes up electrophysiology?

A

automaticity
excitability
conductivity

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7
Q

what is automaticity?

A

initiating a electrical impulse

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8
Q

what is excitability

A

responding

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9
Q

what is conductivity?

A

transmitting impulses

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10
Q

what is the primary pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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11
Q

what is the secondary pacemaker of the heart?

A

AV node

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12
Q

what helps with left ventricular contraction?

A

bundle of HIS

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13
Q

order of conduction

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of HIS, purkinje fibers

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14
Q

what kind of pacemaker send impulses to the right atrium?

A

single chamber

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15
Q

what kind fo pacemaker send impulses to right atrium and ventricle to control contractions.

A

dual chamber

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16
Q

what pacemaker is for heart failure or abnormal electrical systems

A

biventricular

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17
Q

what is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in liters/minute.

A

cardiac output

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18
Q

what is normal cardiac output?

A

4-6L

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19
Q

amount of blood ejected from left ventricle per heartbeat

A

stroke volume

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20
Q

how to calculate cardiac output?

A

SV x HR = ___ml, then find ml / min

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21
Q

what is ventricular stretch at the end of diastole?

A

preload

22
Q

what is the amount of blood ready to be spread?

A

preload

23
Q

what is the resistance to ejection?

A

afterload

24
Q

what is the force generated by contraction?

A

contractility

25
Q

more blood to the heart (exercise) = _____ stretch, which leads to the heart having to ______

A

increased, contract harder

26
Q

what is the frank-starling law of the heart?

A

as preload increases, muscle stretch increases resulting in contractions and subsequent greater stroke volume

27
Q

where are baroreceptors found?

A

aortic arch and carotid artery

28
Q

what are stretch receptors that respond to blood pressure

A

baroreceptors

29
Q

what are causes of orthostatic hypotension?

A

-dehydration
-heart problems
-endocrine problems
-nervous system disorders

30
Q

what are risk factors of orthostatic hypotension?

A

-age
-meds
-diseases
-bedrest

31
Q

what are complications of orthostatic hypotension?

A

falls, stroke, CV diseases

32
Q

what is the end diastolic blood volume ejected with each heartbeat?

A

ejection fraction

33
Q

what is ejection fraction helpful in determining?

A

heart failure

34
Q

what is a normal ejection fraction?

A

55-65% (50-70 is good)

35
Q

_____ is a good ejection fraction, ___ is medium, ________ is really bad

A

50-70, 41-49, less than 40

36
Q

what are risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A

-smoking
-HTN
-inactivity
-hyperlipidemia
-obese
-poor diet
-alcoholism
-diabetes

37
Q

what shows electrical conductivity of the heart and detects arrythmias

A

EKG/ECG

38
Q

what many electrodes and leads are used for ECG/EKG?

A

12 lead, 10 electrode

39
Q

what test uses sound waves to produce images of the heart

A

echocardiogram

40
Q

what test assesses ejection fraction for determination of CHF stages

A

echocardiogram

41
Q

what labs are cardiac biomarkers?

A

-CK
-CK-MB
-troponin (serial troponin)

42
Q

what is the goal value for troponin?

A

0.0-0.10

43
Q

what is BTNP used to test for?

A

heart failure

44
Q

normals levels of BTNP are ____ if youre 0-74 years, ______ if youre 75-99

A

less than 125, less than 450

45
Q

normals levels of BTNP WITH HEART FAILURE are ____ if youre UNDER 50 years, ______ if youre OVER 50

A

less than 450, less than 900

46
Q

what is a lipid profile used to test for?

A

CAD

47
Q

what is looked at in a lipid profile?

A

cholesterol and triglycerides

48
Q

normal level of cholesterol?

A

less than 200

49
Q

normal level for triglycerides?

A

less than 150

50
Q

what is c-reactive protein (CRP) used to look for?

A

inflammation

Adults (35 decks)

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