Asthma

Question 1

how to diagnose asthma

Answer 1

spirometry

Question 2

define fev1

Answer 2

how much air can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second

Question 3

define fvc

Answer 3

after taking a deep breath, the max volume of air that is exhaled

Question 4

FEV1/FVC

Answer 4

the % of total air capacity “vital capacity” that can be forcefully exhaled in one second

Question 5

Based on rescue inhaler use classify intermittent asthma

Answer 5

< 2days/wk

Question 6

Based on rescue inhaler use classify mild persistent asthma

Answer 6

> 2 days/week but not daily or > 1x/day

Question 7

Based on rescue inhaler use classify moderate persistant asthma

Answer 7

Daily use

Question 8

Based on rescue inhaler use classify severe persistant asthma

Answer 8

several times per day

Question 9

step 1 treatment for asthma

Answer 9

PRN low-dose ICS + formoterol
or
Low dose ICS when SABA is taken

Question 10

Step 2 treatment for asthma

Answer 10

daily low dose ICS
or
prn low dose ICS + formoterol

Question 11

Step 3 treatment for asthma

Answer 11

Low dose ICS

+ LABA

Question 12

Step 4 treatment for asthma

Answer 12

Mediu dose ICS

+ LABA

Question 13

Step 5 treatment for asthma

Answer 13

High dose ICS

+LABA

Question 14

beta-2 agnoist MOA

Answer 14

bind to beta-2 receptors causing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle which leads to bronchodilation

Question 15

Name a SABA

Answer 15

albuterol

Question 16

Name a LABA

Answer 16

salmeterol

Question 17

Why do LABAs need to be combined with an ICS

Answer 17

increased risk of asthma-related deaths

Question 18

budesonide + formoterol brand name

Answer 18

symbicort

Question 19

fluticasone + salmeterol brand name

Answer 19

Advair

Question 20

Fluticasone + vilanterol brand name

Answer 20

Breo Elipta

Question 21

mometasone + formoterol brand name

Answer 21

Dulera

Question 22

major SE of ICS

Answer 22

thrush

Question 23

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) MOA

Answer 23

inhibit leukotriene mediators of airway inflammation this reduces airway edema, contriction and inflammation

Question 24

Montelukast inhibits which leukotrienes

Answer 24

D4

Question 25

zafirlukast inhibits which leukotrienes

Answer 25

LTD4 | LTE4

Question 26

Zileuton MOA

Answer 26

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibits leukotriene formation

Question 27

List LTRAs

Answer 27

montelukast zafirlukast zileuton

Question 28

Theophylline MOA

Answer 28

blocks phosphodiesterase, causing an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla cells this results in bronchodilation

Question 29

aminophylline to theophylline conversion

Answer 29

aminophylline contains 80% theophylline "ATM" amino -> theo multiply theo to amino divide by 0.8

Question 30

omalizumab MOA

Answer 30

inhibits IgE binding to the IgE receptor on mast cells and basophils

Question 31

Treatment for exercise induced bronchospasm

Answer 31

SABA

Question 32

define peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

Answer 32

max flow rate from a forceful exhalation, starting from fully inflated lungs