Osteoporosis, Menopause & Testosterone use

Question 1

define osteoblasts

Answer 1

cells involved in bone formation

Question 2

define osteoclasts

Answer 2

cells involved in bone resorption; they breakdown tissue in bone

Question 3

At what age should men and women get a BMD test

Answer 3

women > 65

men >70

Question 4

what is the FRAX tool

Answer 4

estimates the risk of osteoporotic fracture in the next 10 years

Question 5

What is a T-score

Answer 5

compares the patient’s measured BMD to the average peak BMD of a healthy young white adult of the same sex

Question 6

T-score > -1

Answer 6

normal

Question 7

T-score: -1 to -2.4

Answer 7

osteopenia

Question 8

T-score:

Answer 8

osteoprosis

Question 9

Vitamin D deficiency in children causes

Answer 9

rickets

Question 10

Vitamin D deficiency in adults causes

Answer 10

osteomalacia: softening of the bones

Question 11

What is the recommended dose of Vit D

Answer 11

800-2000 IU daily

Question 12

How should Ca be taken

Answer 12

it is saturable

doses above 500-600 of elemental Ca should be divded

Question 13

Ca citrate has better absorption when

Answer 13

gastric pH is increased

Question 14

recommended intake of Ca

Answer 14

1000-1200 mg daily

Question 15

Ca carbonate has how much elemental ca

Answer 15

40%

Question 16

Ca citrate has how much elemental ca

Answer 16

21%

Question 17

Medications of osteoporosis prevention

Answer 17

bisphosphonates
estrogen-based therapies
raloxifene

Question 18

Medications for treatment of osteoporosis

Answer 18

Bisphosphonates
denosumab
parathyroid hormone analogs
calcitonin

Question 19

1st line treatment or prevention of osteoporosis

Answer 19

bisphosphonates

Question 20

administration instructions for bisphosphonates

Answer 20

stay upright for 30 minutes

drink 8oz water

Question 21

Denosumab SE

Answer 21

hypocalcemia

Question 22

parathyroid hormone analogs

Answer 22

teriparatide

abaloparatide

Question 23

Raloxifene indication

Answer 23

alternative to bisphosphonates in high risk patients of vertebral fractures

Question 24

bisphosphonates MOA

Answer 24

increase bone density by inhibiting osteoclast activity and bone resorption in vertebral and hip fractures

Question 25

List bisphosphonates

Answer 25

alendronate risedronate ibandronate zoledronic acid

Question 26

which bisphosphonates only reduce vertebral factures

Answer 26

ibandronate

Question 27

Warning of bisphosphonates

Answer 27

ONJ: osteonecrosis of the jaw

Question 28

Raloxifene MOA

Answer 28

estrogen agonist/antagonist (SERM) that decrease bone resorption

Question 29

Calcitonin MOA

Answer 29

inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts

Question 30

Parathyroid hormone 1-34 MOA

Answer 30

stimulates osteoblast activity and increases bone formation | used for treatment of osteoprosis when there is a very high risk of fractures

Question 31

restriction to parathyroid hormone analogs

Answer 31

treatment duration is restricted to 2 years

Question 32

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) inhibitor MOA

Answer 32

monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL and blocks its interaction with RANK ( a receptor of osteoclasts) to prevent osteoclast formation this leads to decreased bone resorption and increased bone mass

Question 33

Define menopause

Answer 33

the last menstrual period was over 12 months ago | a decrease in estrogen and progesterone causes an increase in FSH resulting in vasomotor symptoms

Question 34

define vasomotor symptoms

Answer 34

recurrent transient episodes of flushing and sensation of heat in the upper body and face, sometimes followed by chills

Question 35

treatment for vasomotor symptoms

Answer 35

estrogen to cause a decrease in LH and more stable temperature control

Question 36

to treat menopause with estrogen what needs considered

Answer 36

uterus | -needs a combo with progesterone this is b/c unopposed estrogen increases the risk of endometrial cancer

Question 37

treatment for menopause vaginal symptoms only

Answer 37

local estrogen

Question 38

natural products used for vasomotor symptoms

Answer 38

black cohosh evening primrose oil red clover soy

Question 39

non-hormonal treatment for vasomotor symptoms

Answer 39

paroxetine

Question 40

medications that can lower testosterone

Answer 40

methadone chemotherapy cimetidine spironolactone