Astro, Toga, Flavi Flashcards by Henriette Wisnes

Avian nephritis is caused by astroviruses

True

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The mortality of avian nephritis is 50-60%

False

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Avian nephritis replicates in the gut

True

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Broilers are regularly vaccinated against avian nephritis virus

False

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Urate deposition is a postmortem lesion of avian nephritis

True

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Clinical signs of avian nephritis can be seen in the first four weeks of life T

True

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Avian nephritis virus usually causes diseases in chickens of 1-3 weeks of age

True

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Avian nephritis is more frequent in waterfowl than in chicken

False

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Avian nephritis virus caused by a picornavirus

False

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Only chickens are susceptible to avian nephritis virus

True

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Avian nephritis virus is transmitted by rodents

False

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Chickens are frequently seropositive for avian nephritis

True

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Avian nephritis virus caused by a picornavirus.

False

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Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of chicken from avian nephritis virus

False

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Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions

False

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Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes

True

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The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent

True

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Togaviruses cause airborne infection

False

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Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only

False

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Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents

True

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No vaccines are available against togaviruses

False

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Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

False

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Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

False

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The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge

False

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Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis

False

In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role

True

Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

True

Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

False

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic

True

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections

True

Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection)

False

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

False

Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus

True

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses

True

Birds serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

False

Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality

False

Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology

False

In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too

True

Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year

False

Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans

False

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

True

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses F

False

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses

True

Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human

True

Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis

True

Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE

False

Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

False

In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis

True

Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts

True

Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections

True

The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion

True

The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea

False

Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis

True

No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses

True

Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents

True

Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide

False

The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide

True

American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans

True

Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses

False

American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes

True

Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes

True

Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines

True

Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse

False

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

True

Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses

False

Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses

True

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide

False

Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons

True

After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses

True

The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents

True

Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and patholog

False

In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory

False

Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

False

Horse encephalitis occurs only in America

False

Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans

True

Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito

True

Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses

True

Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions

False

Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents

True

Pestiviruses are zoonotic

False

Pestiviruses are arboviruses

False

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus

True

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus

True

Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens

True

Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents

False

Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America

False

The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population

False

The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia

False

The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

False

Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries.

False

Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep

True

Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep

False

The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia

False

Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits

False

Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie

True

Louping-Ill is a disease of swine

False

Louping ill occurs in the Far-East

False

Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges

False

The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe

True

The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species

False

The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk

True

The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis

True

Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE

True

The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America F

False

Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection

True

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis

True

The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species

False

The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species

False

The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents

False

Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis

False

Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans

False

Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions

False

Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans

True

The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America

False

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans

True

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia

True

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections

True

Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus

False

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants

False

Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk

True

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally

True

For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available

True

Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus

True

Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus

True

West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease

True

In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected

True

To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses

True

The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs

False

The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle

False

The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses

True

Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus

True

The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn

True

WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle

False

West Nile fever can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

False

Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV

False

West Nile Virus is only present in Africa

False

Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus

True

WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections

False

WNV outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn

True

WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures

False

Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections

True

Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV

False

Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe

True

Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe

True

There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet

True

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV T

True

The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks

False

The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

True

Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections

True

The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV

True

The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics

True

Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis

True

West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa

False

The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds

True

Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans

True

Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals

True

West Nile fever occurs worldwide

True

Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species

True

The host range of West Nile virus is very wide

True

Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus

False

The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

True

The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known

False

Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to West Nile virus infections

True

The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with West Nile virus

True

Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus

False

West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle

False

There are no available vaccinations for humans against West Nile Virus yet

True

The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges

False

Different genetic lineages of West Nile Virus are circulating in Europe

True

West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep

False

West Nile Virus causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections

False

West Nile Virus outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn

True

West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures

False

West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus

False

The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine

True

The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey

False

The yellow fever virus causes liver damages

True

The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans

True

BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases

True

BVD virus is particularly resistant to disinfectants

False

Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment

False

Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus are known

True

In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf

True

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia

False

In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance

True

In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves

False

Swine are not susceptible to BVD F

False

Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent

True

Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever

True

Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm

Ture

Cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral diarrhoea (BVDV) alone can cause mucosal disease

False

Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic

True

The BVD virus can infect pigs also

True

Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion

True

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) do not cause transplacental infection

False

Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion

False

Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease

True

In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease

True

Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV

True

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression

True

BVDV can be transmitted by semen

True

BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination

False

In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa

True

In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex

True

Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease

True

BVD virus cannot be propagated in cell cultures

False

Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity

False

BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species

True

Attenuated vaccine strains against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus may have foetopathic effects

True

Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals

True

Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals

True

The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals on the farm

False

Two genotypes of the BVDV are known

True

BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains T

True

Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV

True

BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression

True

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is an immunopathy observed in immunotolerant, BVDV infected calves

False

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea F

False

The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues

True

Wild birds are the natural hosts of the BVDV

False

Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVDV

True

Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD

False

The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1

False

The BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination

False

BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age

True

BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows

True

Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus

False

BVD virus exists in several serotypes

False

BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves

True

Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign

True

Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD

True

BVDV cannot be propagated in cell cultures

False

BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants

True

Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment

False

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI

False

The BVD virus typically damages endothelial epithelial- and lymphatic tissues

True

Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD

False

Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves

True

Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it

False

Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it

False

The Border disease virus causes pneumonia in sheep

False

The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom

False

The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes

False

Goats can be infected with border disease

True

Border disease in most frequently seen in horses

False

In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance

True

The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep

False

Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages

True

Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes

True

Border disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs

False

Border disease occurs in Hungary

True

Border disease causes abortion in ewes

True

Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers

True

Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever

True

Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections

True

Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products

True

Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat

True

The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months

True

During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases

True

Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages

True

In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed

True

Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells

True

Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF

True

Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever

True

Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever

True

The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever

True

Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever

True

Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF

True

During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa

True

Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed

True

The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets

False

lassical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets

True

CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

True

Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems

False

Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection

False

The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs

True

The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF

True

Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection T

True

Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating T

True

CSF can cause transplacental infections

True

CSFV may case reproductive disorders

True

Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues

True

CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia

True

Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds

True

Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

True

Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas

True

Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV

True

In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever

False

In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed

True

Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever

True

Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression T

True

All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent

False

Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far

False

CSF virus is an arbovirus

False

CSF virus is a zoonotic agent

False

Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease

False

Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever

True

Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose

False

In vaccinated herds we mostly see the CSF clinical signs in 6-12 weeks old piglets

True

Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus

Falsse

Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new-born piglets

True

Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease

False

Europe is free from CSFV

False

Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars

False

The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever

False

The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations

False

Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever

True

Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems

True

CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells

True

Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period

True

Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever

True

The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different

False

Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV

True

Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV

True

All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence

False

The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine

True

Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever

True

Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines

False

Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination

False

Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections

False

Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions

False

Domestic swine stocks are free of classical swine fever in most of the European countries

True

Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia

True

Classical swine fever virus doesn't induce neutralizing antibody production

False

Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C

False

Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine

True

Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks

False

Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs

True

Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores

False

Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease

false

Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen

False

The Classical swine fever virus may cause reproductive disorders

True

Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute Classical swine fever

True

Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology

False

Domestic swine of most European countries are free from Classical swine fever virus

True

The Classical swine fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine

True

Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection

True

CSF is spread via infected pigs

True

Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets

True

Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months

False

To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine

False

To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain

False

Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs

False

CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines

False

CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever

True

CSF always causes abortion in pigs

False

Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF

False

Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days

True

CSF was first written about in USA

True

First symptom of CSF is drooping ears

False

CSF virus has good resistance

True

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes

False

The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters

False

CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections

True

The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar

True

Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF

False

Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV

False

Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV

False

It is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also susceptible

False

Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible

True

Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs

True

For prevention state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe

False

The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues

True

Boutons in the large intestine are the earliest lesions in CSF

False

In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common

False

Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe

True

In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory

False

Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes

False

In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies

True

Astro, Toga, Flavi Flashcards

(369 cards)