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AT History > AT Hist. Quiz 1 > Flashcards

AT Hist. Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Manifest Content

Latent Content

A

Manifest- The actuality of a dream image, what is apparent to conscious awareness

Latent- The Underlying cues, what is being revealed of our unconscious

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2
Q

Framework for Freedom

A

An art piece is a container for whatever you project on to an art piece. The ISness of a piece. An Art piece as something that holds space for whatever is being expressed/said/felt

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3
Q

Form As Content

A

Part of the 3 Lenses

First step of analyzing a piece- look at the formal concepts being presented. Shape/Line/Color/Pressure in Line, etc.

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4
Q

Ego Strength

A

independent, willful, confident, internal standards, thoughtful disagreement
The Act of Sublimation is an Ego Strength
Regression in the Service of the Ego
To tolerate the strong emotion and regress into a state of acceptance to power through the feeling and make art from the initial urge

1.Cultivating inner resources to handle impulses (delay gratification) and frustrations (cognitive dissonance).
2. Postponing gratification
3. Managing impulses
4. The capacity to forgive
5. The capacity for compassion 6. Flexibility
7. Independence, agency, autonomy
• Region of the frontal cortex – reasoning our way to impulse control

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5
Q

Otto Rank

A

1-Experience of parents will.
2-discover ones own will in response to parents. Either adopt the parents will, or partially rebel from their will and feel guilt, or fully differentiate and establish and independent will from parents

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6
Q

Kris Ernst- Ego Strength

A
  1. Regression here refers to relaxing inner control or loosening defenses in order to discover what is beyond our defended state.
    It is a process where the primary process (impulses and urges) is brought under the guidance of the secondary process (ego).
  2. It takes a strong ego to relax its need to control and access what has been inhibited or avoided. The key here is flexibility – flexibility to relax defenses.
  3. In art, the process can afford us controlled titrated regressions. Within this perspective, regression is adaptive.
  4. Movement in therapy =’s access to controlled regressions.
  5. Other considerations: surrender to being in ambiguity, beginners mind, releasing habit and the familiar and accessing the unfamiliar, accepting that there are no immediate answers – staying present with the questions, loss of boundaries, pursuing radical honesty with oneself.

Loosens defenses

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7
Q

Primary & Secondary Processes

A

Primary Process- Illogical Ideas, Emerge From Id
Ex- Char and Michael have legs

Secondary Processes- Reality Based, Logical thinking

Ties into regression of the ego as a strength- Kris Ernst

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8
Q

Interpretive Strategies:

Grids Of Awareness

A

Grids of Awareness:
Developmental History
Cultural History
Family/Marital History

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9
Q

Art As A Sample Of 3 Behaviors

A

Cognitive – ordering/sequencing, selecting/combining, memory, perception, 2-D & 3-D translation.
• Affective – giving feeling form and art as an accurate language of emotion
• Kinesthetic –eye/hand, fine and gross motor movement; remembering the centrality of the body – the ultimate feedback mechanism.

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10
Q

What is an Ego?

A

The ego has two functions or purposes:
• The functional aspect of the ego consists of organizing and synthesizing impressions
from the outside world and our inner responses to these impressions.
• It is as if there is an inner manager helping us to negotiate the world, protecting and
guiding us along the way from confusing inner and outer perceptions.
• The ego, often experienced from the perspective of “I”, is our reasoning ability to work
with distortions of thinking.
• This “I” perspective thinks itself to be in charge and in control and yet it is really limited.
I am…
I want…
I feel…
I believe…

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11
Q

Auxiliary Ego

A

3rd Hand. Therapist models proper ego strength for cultivate a living example of what this may be

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12
Q

Pattern Match In Artist History

A

Looking for recurring patterns in a artists work

EX Heavy Lined Hand

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13
Q

Art As An Event

A

Context: surrounding conditions, the setting of an event, the parts of something.
Mood: feeling present in the image, pervading tone of the image.
Scene: where the event is taking place – a landscape, incident, or place. Narrative alive within the image.

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14
Q

Interpretive Strategies: When Initially Viewing piece

A

Ask, Clarify, Summarize, Affirm

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15
Q

Adrian Hill

A

1940

Officially Coined the Term Art Therapy

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16
Q

Who is Hans Prinzhorn?

A

German art historian and psychiatrist
• Prinzhorn discussed subtleties of form and content but not for diagnosis…“Anyone unable to make a diagnosis without the drawings will certainly not have an easier time with them.”
-First to note how important art is for different mental states

17
Q

Prinzhorns 6 motivations for art making

A
  1. externalization of self
  2. urge to play
  3. urge to ornament
  4. ordering tendency
  5. imitative tendency
  6. need for symbols
18
Q

Florence Naumberg Cane

A

Florence (Naumburg) Cane (1882-1952)
• Progressive art educator; integrated thought, movement, & feeling into process
Introduced Scribble technique, brought in art teacher as important technique, advocate for children’s rights to express themselves, the OG Naropa Transpersonal student, beautiful painting

Creativity is in both active and receptive states
Supportive approach that activation and union of functions take part in art

19
Q

Edith Kramer

A

Sublimation
Coined Art As Therapy
Fled Nazis in 1938 for the US
• Settled in New York working in alternative schools
• Many concepts in harmony with art education
• Sublimation is key in art therapy
• “Art as Therapy” model
Classic Kramer
• Sublimation: an ego-defense mechanism whereby frustrated sexual / aggressive energy is partially channeled into substitutive activities.
• (These activities which do not serve direct instinctual gratification).
• Primitive Id urges (asocial) transformed by the ego into complex and socially productive
activities (they may not always be socially acceptable).

20
Q

Classic Naumberg Cane

A

• “The process of dynamically oriented art therapy is based on the recognition that man’s fundamental thoughts and feelings are derived from the unconscious and often reach expression in images rather than in words.
• By means of pictorial projection, art therapy encourages a method of symbolic communication between patient and therapist.
• Its images may, as in psychoanalytic procedures, also deal with the data of dreams, fantasies, daydreams, fears, conflicts and childhood memories.”

21
Q

Eleanor Ulman

A

Founded and edited Art Therapy. Makes the field what it is today
Editor of the American Journal of Art Therapy

22
Q

Margaret Naumberg

A

Published first books – influenced by psychoanalytic thought and Jungian thought
Worldly perspective: Eastern philosophy, depth psychologies
Symbolic Speech as art
Psychotherapist
Dynamically oriented- integration of ego strengths and resources

23
Q

Hanna K.

A

Founded Family Therapy

24
Q

Victor Lowenfeld

A

Worked with blind people and they still had an inherit need to create art
Influenced Edith Kramer
Art helps you achieve emotional release

25
Q

Kramers 5 Ways of Using Art Materials

A 
Precursor Activities/ Chaotic Discharge
Art & Displacement: Chaotic Discharge
Art in the Service of Defense
Pictographs
Formed Expression
26
Q

Kramer 5 Art ways to use Art Materials

Precursory Activity

A

How to begin, spontaneous marks/ Ego syntonic because it feels good, no intention to fully create anything

27
Q

Kramer 5 Art ways to use Art Materials

Art & Displacement: Chaotic Discharge

A

Inner Impulsivity is Rising
Loss of Inner Resources (Ego Resources and Strengths)
Loss of Observing Ego Resources- Want to Scream
Art is not about formed Images- Chaotic Mark Making behavior & language
Firm Pressure, smearing materials,

28
Q

5 Ways of Making Art Materials:

Art in the Service of Defense

A

Safe Imagery
Your Safe go to doodle
Rehearsed Imagery
Protective doodle making in unfamiliar situations

29
Q

Kramers 5 Ways of Using Art Supplies

Pictograms

A

Idiosyncratic Imagery
Need a key to understanding meaning- need to inquire with artist about the meaning
Highly coded and personal
Ex: Native American picture dictionary

30
Q

5 Ways to Use Art Materials

Formed Expression

A

A Unification of Formed Expression
Consider How Form Leads to Content
The form and content unify to communicate to the audience
There is coherence to the work- the art is a form of language that speaks intention
Audience can read degrees of meaning out of it

31
Q

Art As Therapy

A

Art making and engaging in the creative process is the primary aim of an art as therapy session/approach.
• Art as therapy is not as concerned with processing transference phenomena with the client. The art therapist is aware of the transference, however it is not explored in detail.
• Art as therapy invites one to engage in an extended encounter with the art materials and the art making process.
• Art as therapy is not as concerned with uncovering unconscious material and making it conscious. Issues are discussed, but more in context with the artwork, art process, and feelings about the product.
• Art making and engaging in the creative process is the primary aim of an art as therapy session/approach.
• Art as therapy is not as concerned with processing transference phenomena with the client. The art therapist is aware of the transference, however it is not explored in detail.

32
Q

Art Psychotherapy

A

ART PSYCHOTHERAPY
Art making is valued, however it is of secondary importance during an art psychotherapy session.
Art psychotherapy is highly concerned with processing the transference.
Art psychotherapy often encourages quick, spontaneous art productions.
Art Psychotherapy is concerned with uncovering unconscious material: “making the unconscious, conscious.” Issues are often processed at a deeper level, pursuing insight.
Symbols and visual imagery are more likely to be discussed in the form of interpretations.

33
Q

Sigmeund Freud

A

1886, begins his private practice
• Writes The Interpretation of Dreams (1899)
• (1913 translated into English)
• His methods become central to psychiatric practice in US & Britain
• Free association, dream dynamics and interpretation.
• A wish seeking fulfillment, displacement, condensation.

34
Q

Hillman

A

Reminds you to slow your fast self down- slow down and stay in that emotion with the client
Keep the image alive
Notice for the blank space within a story, pause, art image, mid space in dream

35
Q

Andre Breton

A

originator of Surrealism, studied medicine and worked in army hospital in WWI, assistant to Dr. Raoul Leroy and encountered mental illness and psychoanalytic thought.
• Early methods of Surrealism:
• Automatic writing/drawing = free association
• Written/pictorial dream representation = dream interpretation
• Exquisite Corpse

36
Q

Transference/

Counter Transference

A

Transference: When you transfer your relationship with someone else onto your new relationship
Counter Transference: When your transfer your relationship back through empathy for how they create relationships. This is the gateway to empathy for clients personal engagement with others.

37
Q

Naumberg: Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy

A

Art as symbolic speech
• Art can bypass inner censorship
• Power of the concrete image
• Shift in dependency on the AT to one’s own art
• Art helps us to find words/language for experience

AT History (2 decks)

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