AT1: Body Systems And Terminology Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
What is the anatomical position
A
- standing upright
-arms by side
-palms facing forwards
2
Q
Prone position
A
Lying face down
3
Q
Supine position
A
Lying face up
4
Q
Superior
A
Above
5
Q
Inferior
A
Below
6
Q
Medial
A
Middle (closer to the midline)
7
Q
Lateral
A
Side (further from midline)
8
Q
Anterior
A
In front
9
Q
Posterior
A
Behind
10
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to origin of a part
11
Q
Distal
A
Further from origin of a part
12
Q
Arm point of origin
A
Shoulder
13
Q
Leg point of origin
A
Hip
14
Q
Internal
A
Inside
15
Q
External
A
Outside
16
Q
Superficial
A
Closer to skin
17
Q
Deep
A
Further from skin
18
Q
Dorsal
A
Closer to back surface
19
Q
Ventral
A
Closer to the belly surface
20
Q
Plantar
A
Opposite surface to the dorsum of the foot
21
Q
Palmar
A
Opposite surface to dorsum of hand
22
Q
Is dorsum the side with nails or the palm
A
Side with nails
23
Q
Cranial
A
‘Skull’ towards the head
24
Q
Caudal
A
‘Tail’ towards the tail
25
Rostral
‘Beak’ closer to the front
26
Occipital directional term
Closer to the back (of the head)
27
Bilateral
Paired structures on both left and right sides of the body
28
Unilateral
Unpaired structure on just one side of the body(left or right)
29
Ipsilateral
Structures on the same side of the body
30
Contralateral
Structures on the opposite side of the body
31
Sub categories within the thoracic cavity
-pleural cavity
-pericardial cavity
32
What does the pleural cavity contain
The lungs
33
Where is the pericardial cavity and what does it contain
- inside mediastinum
-contains the heart
34
Hypochondriac
Pertaining to below the cartilage area (rib cage)
35
Epigastric
Pertaining to above the stomach
36
Inguinal
Pertaining to in the groin
37
What is the other name for the frontal plane
Coronal
38
Frontal mnemonic
F for front and back
39
Frontal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions
40
Sagital plane mnemonic
S for sides
41
Sagital plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides
42
Transverse plane mnemonic
T for top and bottom halves
43
Transverse plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions (creates a cross section)
44
Flexion definition
Reducing the joint angle
45
Extension definition
Increasing the joint angle
46
Dorsi flexion definition
Towards the dorsum of the foot
47
Plantar flexion definition
Towards the plantar surface of the foot
48
Dorsi flexion e.g
Pointing toes upwards
49
Plantar flexion e.g
Pointing toes downwards
50
Abduction definition
Body part moving away from midline of the body
51
Adduction definition
Body part moving towards the midline of the body
52
Rotation meaning
When a bone or limb pivots around a joint
53
Pronation meaning
Rotation of the forearm/ foot so the palmar/plantar surface points downwards/backwards
54
Supination definition
Rotation of the forearm/foot so the palmar/plantar surface points upwards/forwards
55
Inversion definition
Rotation of the sole of the foot inwards
56
Eversion definition
Rotating the sole of the foot outward
57
Elevation definition
Movement in a superior direction
58
Depression meaning
Movement in an inferior direction
59
Protraction definition
Body part is pushed or moved forwards (anterior direction)
-only occurs at scapula, mandible
60
Protraction e,g
Sticking chin out
61
Retraction definition
Body part is pushed or moved backwards (posterior direction)
Only occurs at scapula, mandible
62
Retraction e.g
Holding shoulders back
63
Informed consent definition
A persons agreement to allow something to happen to them based on full disclosure of risks, benefits, alternatives and consequences of refusal
64
Implied consent deifinition
Consent which is not explicitly given by the individual but is inferred e,g putting arm out, thumbs up, through body language
65
Criteria for informed consent
- person must have capacity to give consent (not intoxicated)
- must be freely given, not forced
- must be specific to procedure, need consent for each procedure
- patient must be informed in a way the patient can understand
66
Consent is not required to
-save a life
- prevent serious injury
- prevent significant pain+disease
67
Simplest level of organisation 1/5
Cells
68
Cells description
Smallest unit of living things- vary in size, shape and function (specialised)
69
Cells e.g
-RBCs
-WBCs
-ova
-spermatazoa
70
2/5 level of organisation (second smallest)
Tissue e.g muscle, connective
71
Tissue description
Large numbers of the same type of cell (shape, size and function)
72
Organs
Clear/ individual structure of at least 2 tissue types that forms a specific function within the body
73
3/5 level of organisation (third simplest)
Organs
74
4/5 level of organisation (fourth simplest)
System
75
System description
Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
76
Most complex level of organisation
Body
77
Body description
Systems that work together to accomplish a common purpose/ maintain life
78
Human body systems acronyms
MEDICS RUN IRL AND USE THEIR SPECIAL SENSES
79
Skeletal system representative organs/tissues
Bones
80
Skeletal system function
To provide support, structure, movement and protection for organs
81
Nervous system representative organs/ tissues
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
82
Nervous system function
To coordinate and control body function through electrical signals
83
Muscular system representative organs/tissues
Skeletal muscles
84
Muscular system function
To provide support and facilitate movement
85
Urinary syste, representative organs/tissues
Kidney, bladder, urethra
86
Urinary system function
To maintain water and solute balance and excrete waste
87
Endocrine system representative organs/tissues
Pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands
88
Endocrine system function
To coordinate body function through synthesis and secretion of hormones
89
Digestive system representative organs/tissues
Stomach, small and large intestines, liver
90
Digestive system function
To ingest and process food and liquid for distribution and elimination of waste
91
Immune system representative organs/ tissues
Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
92
Immune system function
To defend against foreign invaders
93
Integumentary system representative organs/tissues
Skin
94
Integumentary system function
To protect internal organs from external environment
95
Cardiovascular system representative systems
Heart, blood vessels, blood
96
Cardiovascular system function
To contract and relax and to pump blood around the body
97
Reproductive system representative organs/tissues
Ovaries, uterus, testes
98
Reproductive system function
To perpetuate the species, to reproduce
99
Lymphatic system representative organs/tissues
Lymph nodes and vessels, spleen, thymus
100
Lymphatic system function
To collect excess fluid from cells and return to bloodstream after filtering immune function
101
Respiratory system representative organs/tissues
Lungs, airways
102
Respiratory system function
To inhale oxygen into the blood and exhale carbon dioxide out of the blood
103
Movement description (MRSGREN)
Keep internal and external environments separate
104
Reproduction description (MRSGREN)
Provide new cells for growth and repair
105
Sensitivity description (MRSGREN)
Ability to react to stimuli
106
Growth description (MRSGREN)
Occurs when constructive activities occur at a faster rate than destructive
107
Respiration description (MRSGREN)
Ability to inhale oxygen and utilise for production of energy
108
Excretion description (MRSGREN)
Removing wastes from the body
109
Nutrition description (MRSGREN)
Breaking down of food into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood
110
What is required to maintain life acronym
WONNA
111
What is required to maintain life? (WONNA)
-water
-nutrients
-oxygen
-normal body temp( 36.5-37.5)
-atmospheric pressure
112
Where is fluid in the body located?
Separated into 3 components
- plasma(blood)
-interstitial/ intercellular (between cells)
-intracellular (within cells e.g cytoplasm)
113
Hydrophilic meaning
Water loving-> will dissolve in water e.g glucose
114
Hydrophobic meaning
Water hating
Will not dissolve in water e.g fatty acids/ cholestrol
115
Functions of water (4)
- to transport blood and nutrients around the body
- to provide lubrication of joints and cavities
- to regulate body temp through sweating
- to allow for removal of waste through formation of urine and faeces
116
What does insufficient hydrate result in?
Insufficient hydration/ water in the body can decrease the bodies ability to perform its 4 functions
117
Explain how having adequate water intake can ensure healthy body systems
Because water Is vital for effective transportations of nutrients around the body, then adequate water will allow for increased delivery of nutrients, therefore allowing the cardiovascular system to function effectively.
118
Eukaryotes
-contain a nucleus
- contain membrane bound organelles
-make up most multi-cellular organisms
