AT2: Content Revision

Question 1

Structure of diaphysis

Answer 1

Compact bone, central medullary canal composed of fatty yellow bone marrow

Question 2

Periosteum

Answer 2

Complex vascular two layered layered membrane. Outer layer= fibrous and tough for protection

Question 3

Epiphysis structure

Answer 3

Outer cover of compact bone is present, spongy or cancellous bone on the inside

Question 4

Fibrous joints structure

Answer 4

Tough connective tissue

Question 5

Function of fibrous joints

Answer 5

To join bones with little to no movement

Question 6

Cartilaginous structure

Answer 6

Connected entirely by cartilage

Question 7

Cartilaginous joint function

Answer 7

To absorb shock between bones to allow some movement

Question 8

Cartilaginous e.g

Answer 8

Pubic symphysis, vertebrae, ribs

Question 9

Synovial structure

Answer 9

A space with a capsule between two articulating bones

Question 10

Synovial function

Answer 10

To allow for movement

Question 11

Pivot joint movement

Answer 11

ROTATION ONLY

Question 12

Synovial fluid structure

Answer 12

A slippery fluid the consistency of egg whites that is contained within the joint cavity

Question 13

Synovial fluid function

Answer 13

To reduce friction between the articular cartilage in the joint

Question 14

Articular cartilage structure

Answer 14

Glassy smooth cartilage that is spongy and covers the ends of the bones in the joint

Question 15

Articular cartilage function

Answer 15

To absorb shock and prevent friction between the ends of the bones in the joint

Question 16

Joint capsule structure

Answer 16

A tough fibrous tissue that has two layers, with the fibrous capsule lying outside the synovial membrane

Question 17

Joint capsule function

Answer 17

To help strengthen the joint

• the synovial membrane lines the joint and secretes synovial fluid

Question 18

Bursa structure

Answer 18

A flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial fluid that contains a thin film of synovial fluid

Question 19

Function of bursa

Answer 19

To prevent friction at sites in the body where ligaments, muscles, tendons or bones might rub together

Question 20

Meniscus structure

Answer 20

A wedge of white fibrocartilage

Question 21

Meniscus function

Answer 21

To make joints more stable and reduce wear and tear on joint surfaces

Question 22

Main components of joint that increase stability

Answer 22

Ligament, joint capsule

Question 23

Main components of a joint that increase mobility

Answer 23

Articular cartilage, synovial fluid

Question 24

Epimysium

Answer 24

Outer layer of connective tissue around skeletal muscle

Question 25

Perimysium

Answer 25

Connective tissue that bundles skeletal muscles into fascicles within a skeletal muscle

Question 26

Fascicle

Answer 26

Bundle of muscle fibres within a skeletal muscle

Question 27

Endomysium

Answer 27

Loose, well hydrated connective tissue covering each muscle fiber in a skeletal muscle - deepest

Question 28

‘Muscle fibre

Answer 28

Often used to describe a single muscle cell

Question 29

Sarcolemma

Answer 29

Plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fibre

Question 30

Sarcoplasm

Answer 30

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 31

Sarcomere

Answer 31

Longitudinally, repeating functional unit of skeletal muscle with all of the contractile and associated proteins involved in contraction

Question 32

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 32

Specialised smooth ER which stores, releases and retrieves Ca ++ (allows for muscle contraction)

Question 33

Active exercises

Answer 33

Effort is exerted by the individual to generate movement (of the affected body part ) Not involve an aid

Question 34

Passive exercises

Answer 34

No effort is exerted by the individual or specific muscles involved in the movement - involve the use of an aid/ person to generate movement of affected body part

Question 35

Benefits active exercises

Answer 35

-improve muscle strength and mass -strengthen communication between the brain and body

Question 36

Benefits passive exercises

Answer 36

Increase ROM Prevent stiffness

Question 37

Shivering (response when body temp is too low)

Answer 37

When body temp is too low, skeletal muscles contract and relax, continuously to generate metabolic heat-> inc. body temp to WNL

Question 38

Impact of prolonged lack of movement on body

Answer 38

Dec. muscle mass-> atrophy When pt. Gets out of bed-> harder for muscles to generate movement