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Chemistry > Atomic structure > Flashcards

Atomic structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the atomic mass unit

A

Daltons

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Same element with a different quantity of neutrons

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3
Q

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?

A

Weighted average
Ram = percentage/100 x weight + percentage/100 x weigh….

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4
Q

How many electrons fit in the different shells?

A

First shell: 2 electrons
Other shells: 8 electrons

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5
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms with charge

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6
Q

What is negative ion called?

A

Anion

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7
Q

What is positive ion called?

A

Cation

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8
Q

What are electron configurations

A

Tells us where electrons are found

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9
Q

What are shells noted by & how many electrons are found in shell 1- 4?

A

n
n1: 2 electrons
n2: 8 electrons
n3: 18 electrons
n4: 32 electrons

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10
Q

What do shells contain?

A

Subshells

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of subshells?

A

S,p,d,f

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12
Q

What do subshells contain?

A

Orbitals

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13
Q

How many orbitals do each of the subshells contain?

A

s: 1 orbital
p: 3 orbitals
d: 5 orbitals
f: 7 orbitals

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14
Q

What do orbitals contain?

A

2 electrons of opposite spin

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15
Q

Which is filled first, 3d or 4s?

A

4s

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16
Q

What is hunds rule? & when is it used for?

A

Orbitals are filled singly before being doubly occupied, orbital diagrams

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17
Q

Definition of atom

A

Smallest unit of matter able to undergo chemical reactions

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18
Q

What are atoms made up of?

A

Electrons, protons & neutrons

19
Q

What 3 quantum numbers are every orbital described by?

A

n, l, ml

20
Q

What 4 quantum numbers are electrons described by?

A

n, l, ml, ms

21
Q

Which is the principle quantum number?

A

n

22
Q

What can n be? (Quantum numbers)

A

Integer value (1, 2, 3..)
Not 0, decimal, negative

23
Q

What does the principal quantum number n represent?

A

The energy level (the electron shell)

24
Q

What does a larger n mean?

A

Further from the nucleus

25
Q

Which is the azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number?

A

l

26
Q

What can the azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number be?

A

Integer from 0 to n -1 (0,1,2… n-1)

27
Q

If the quantum number is 3 was are the possible values for azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number?

A

0, 1 or 2

28
Q

What does the azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number describe & tell us?

A

The shape of the orbital, the subshell

29
Q

Which subshell is l=0?

A

S subshell

30
Q

Which subshell is l= 1?

A

P subshell

31
Q

Which subshell is l= 2?

A

D subshell

32
Q

Which subshell is l= 3?

A

F subshell

33
Q

Which is the magnetic quantum number?

A

ml

34
Q

What numbers can the magnetic quantum number be?

A

Integer value from -l to l

35
Q

What does the number of possible magnetic quantum numbers tell us?

A

Number of orbitals

36
Q

Which is the spin quantum number?

A

ms

37
Q

What are the 2 possible spin quantum numbers?

A

1/2 or - 1/2

38
Q

Can the electrons in an orbital have the same spin?

A

No

39
Q

What does the Pauli exclusion principe state?

A

No 2 electors in an atom can have identical values for all 4 of their quantum numbers

40
Q

What shape does sulphur dioxide have?

A

Bent

41
Q

What is necessary for a compound to be aromatic?

A

It has to contain delocalized pi electrons
Must be cyclic
Has planar structure
All actors in the ring must have a p-orbital that participates in a delocalized pi election system

42
Q

What does proust’s law state about chemical compounds?

A

That the ratio between the masses of the elements that compose it is constant & defined

43
Q

What does the Pauli exclusion principal State about 2 different electrons in an atom?

A

The can not have identical values for all 4 quantum numbers

Chemistry (10 decks)

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