Fundementals Of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Defines an organic compound?

Answer 1

It is made from carbon & hydrogen

Question 2

Formula for alkanes

Answer 2

CnH2n+2

Question 3

How does names of alkanes end?

Answer 3

• ane

Question 4

First 10 alkanes

Answer 4

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

Question 5

Difference between alkanes and alkenes?

Answer 5

In Alkenes one or more Carbon has a double bond

Question 6

General formula for alkenes

Answer 6

CnH2n

Question 7

First alkene

Answer 7

Ethene C2H4

Question 8

Difference between alkynes and alkenes?

Answer 8

In alkynes there is a triple bond

Question 9

General formula for alkyne

Answer 9

CnH2n-2

Question 10

Simplest alkyne

Answer 10

Ethyne, C2H2

Question 11

How does the ending in alkenes & alkynes vary with number of double or triple bonds

Answer 11

Number of bonds is put in front, ex: - triyne or - diene

Question 12

What are alkyl groups

Answer 12

Attachment of a Carbon-hydrogen group to the main chain

Question 13

How do you indicate in the name that a compound is cyclic?

Answer 13

Add cyclo in front

Question 14

How does the functional group of ethers look?

Answer 14

R-O-R

Question 15

How do you name an ether?

Answer 15

Alkyl-oxy- alkane

Question 16

Ending of amines when naming them

Answer 16

-Anamine

Question 17

What is the functional group of amines?

Answer 17

-NH2

Question 18

What is the functional group of amides?

Answer 18

Carboxyamide, - CONH2

Question 19

What is the ending of amides

Answer 19

• Anamide

Question 20

What is the functional group of arenes?

Answer 20

Phenyl:-C6H5

Question 21

How do you name an arene?

Answer 21

Alkyl + benzene

Question 22

What is the functional group of aldehydes?

Answer 22

Carbonyl: -CHO

Question 23

What is the name ending of aldehydes?

Answer 23

• Anal

Question 24

What is the functional group of ketones?

Answer 24

Carbonyl: R-CO-R

Question 25

Name ending of a ketone

Answer 25

-Anone

Question 26

How does a ketone & an aldehyde differ?

Answer 26

On a ketone the carbonyl group is in the middle & on a aldehyde it is at one of the ends

Question 27

Name ending for carboxylic acids

Answer 27

-Anoic acid

Question 28

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 28

Carboxyl: -COOH

Question 29

What is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 29

Hydroxyl: OH

Question 30

Name ending for alcohols

Answer 30

-Anol

Question 31

What is a primary alcohol?

Answer 31

Alcohol where the carbon that the OH group is attached to is only attacked to one Carbon

Question 32

What does primary alcohols turn into when oxidised? & what can that be oxidised to?

Answer 32

Aldehyde → carboxylic acid

Question 33

What are secondary alcohols?

Answer 33

Alcohols where the Carbon attached to the OH group is attached to 2 Carbons

Question 34

What does secondary alcohols turn into when oxidised?

Answer 34

Ketones

Question 35

What does tertiary alcohols turn into when oxidised?

Answer 35

Nothing, can't be oxidized

Question 36

What are tertiary alcohols?

Answer 36

Alcohols where the Carbon attached to the OH group is attached to 3 Carbons

Question 37

How do you name an ester?

Answer 37

Alkyl + anotate

Question 38

What is the functional group of esters?

Answer 38

Ester: R-COO-R

Question 39

What are structural isomers?

Answer 39

2 or more molecules that have the same formula but different structure

Question 40

What is important to remember regarding isomers with double bonds?

Answer 40

Rotation around a double bond is restricted

Question 41

What is functional group isomer?

Answer 41

Same molecule formula but different functional groups

Question 42

What can alcohol have a structural isomer with where the functional group has changed?

Answer 42

Ether

Question 43

What can aldehydes have a structural isomer with where the functional group has changed?

Answer 43

Ketones

Question 44

What can canboxylic acid have a structural isomer with where the functional group has changed?

Answer 44

Ester

Question 45

What is stereoisonerism?

Answer 45

Same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 46

Where is cis-trans isomerism found?

Answer 46

Alkenes and cyclic compounds

Question 47

In cis isomers, where are the groups found?

Answer 47

On the same side

Question 48

In trans isomers, where are the groups found?

Answer 48

Opposite sides

Question 49

What is needed for cis-trans isomerism to occur?

Answer 49

2 different atoms or groups of atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the double bond

Question 50

Does double bond allow for rotation?

Answer 50

No

Question 51

Where are the groups located in cis isomers?

Answer 51

Same side

Question 52

Where are the groups located in trans isomers?

Answer 52

Opposite side

Question 53

Different name for cis-trans isomers

Answer 53

Geometric isomers

Question 54

Is there a alcohol in carboxylic acid?

Answer 54

No!

Question 55

What is a thiol functional group?

Answer 55

-SH

Question 56

What are reducing sugars?

Answer 56

Sugars which act as reducing agent They contain an aldehyde or a ketonic

Question 57

Examples of reducing sugars

Answer 57

All monosaccharides & disaccharides ( except sucrose) Glucose, fructose, lactose etc.

Question 58

Is lactose a reducing sugar?

Answer 58

Yes