The Chemical Bond

Question 1

What is a polyatomic ions?

Answer 1

Covalent bonded set of 2 or more atoms that can be considered to behave as a single unit & that has a net charge that is not zero

Question 2

Formula for ammonium

Answer 2

NH4+

Question 3

Formula for hydroxide

Answer 3

OH-

Question 4

Formula for Chlorate

Answer 4

ClO3-

Question 5

Formula for nitrate

Answer 5

NO3-

Question 6

Formula for carbonate

Answer 6

CO3 2-

Question 7

Formula for chromate

Answer 7

CrO4 2-

Question 8

Formula for sulphate

Answer 8

SO4 2-

Question 9

Formula for phosphate

Answer 9

PO4 3-

Question 10

Formula for cyanide

Answer 10

CN-

Question 11

Formula for acetate

Answer 11

C2H3O2-

Question 12

What a intramolecular bonds?

Answer 12

Bonds between atoms forming compounds

Question 13

What are the 3 types of intermolecular bonds?

Answer 13

Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Metallic bonds

Question 14

Strength of the different types of intramolecular bonds (typically)

Answer 14

Ionic > metallic > covalent

Question 15

What is the weakest kind of intramolecular bonds

Answer 15

Covalent

Question 16

What is the strongest kind of intramolecular bonds

Answer 16

Ionic

Question 17

What is the difference between intramolecular bonds & intermolecular forces?

Answer 17

intramolecular bonds form molecules, intermolecular forces is the attraction between molecules/atoms

Question 18

Definition of intermolecular forces

Answer 18

Attraction between molecules/atoms to other molecules/atoms

Question 19

What or the 3 types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 19

London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

Are intramolecular bonds week or strong?

Answer 20

Strong

Question 21

Are intermolecular forces strong or weak?

Answer 21

Weak

Question 22

Strength of the different types of intermolecular forces (typically)

Answer 22

Hydrogen bond > dipole-dipole > London dispersion

Question 23

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 23

Where an electron is taken by an electronegative non-metal from an electropositive metal

Question 24

When do ionic bonds occur?

Answer 24

When the electronegativity difference between 2 elements is >2

Question 25

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 25

Electrons shared between metal atoms

Question 26

What does metallic bonds form?

Answer 26

An electron Sea: valence electrons are delocalized & move freely among the metals

Question 27

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 27

Where an electron is shared between 2 atoms resulting in a molecule

Question 28

How are molecules made?

Answer 28

Covalent bonds

Question 29

How are charged particles made?

Answer 29

Ionic bonds

Question 30

What a the 2 kinds of covalent bonds

Answer 30

Non-polar covalent & polar covalent

Question 31

When are molecules non-polar?

Answer 31

When charge is evenly distributed

Question 32

When are molecules polar?

Answer 32

When one the atoms in the molecule have difference in electronegativity making the charge not evenly distributed

Question 33

What molecules are non-polar?

Answer 33

Single element molecules: 02, N…. Carbon hydrogen only molecules:CH4, C3H8… Symmetrical molecules:CCl4, CO2… Electrongativity difference is very low, <0.5

Question 34

What molecules are polar?

Answer 34

Non- symmetrical molecules:CH3Cl, H2O…. Molecules w/ different elements that don't cancel out

Question 35

How many electrons are shared in a single, double & triple bond?

Answer 35

Single: 2 Double: 4 Triple: 6

Question 36

What is bond strength?

Answer 36

Energy required to break the bonds

Question 37

Bond strength

Answer 37

Triple > double > single

Question 38

Length of bonds, single, double & triple

Answer 38

single > double > triple

Question 39

What is bond length?

Answer 39

Distance between the nuclei in participating atoms

Question 40

What increases bond length?

Answer 40

The number of bonds (the less the longer) Atomic radius (the bigger the radius the longer)

Question 41

How are bond length & strength related?

Answer 41

As bond length increases, strength decreases

Question 42

What kind of bonds does single bonds have?

Answer 42

1 sigma bond

Question 43

What kind of bonds does double bonds have?

Answer 43

1 sigma bond 1 pi bond

Question 44

What kind of bonds does triple bonds have?

Answer 44

1 sigma bond 2 pi bond

Question 45

What are some octet exceptions when making Lewis structures?

Answer 45

Period 3 elements occasionally form more than 4 bonds Sometimes an incomplete octet will form

Question 46

What is the formula for finding lone pairs on central atom? & when does it not work?

Answer 46

Lp = (ve - 8n)/2 Lp = lone pairs on central atom Ve = valence electrons in the entire molecule N = number of atoms attached to central atom Does not work with molecules with hydrogen!

Question 47

What is important to remember when drawing vsepr diagrams?

Answer 47

Bonds want to be as for away from eachother as possible Lone pairs cause additional repulsion

Question 48

What are electron domains?

Answer 48

Bonding: single, double or triple bonds Non bonding: lone pairs

Question 49

How many electron domains is a single bond?

Answer 49

1

Question 50

When are hydrogen bonds the strongest?

Answer 50

When hydrogen is bonded to F, O or N

Question 51

Compounds containing only Carbon & hydrogen are always polar or non polar?

Answer 51

Non polar

Question 52

Which are the only inter molecular forces present in Carbon, hydrogen only compounds?

Answer 52

London dispersion forces (van der Waals )