atp aznd water Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is atp made from
adenine - the nirogenous base
a ribose sugar
3 phosphates
what are the bonds like between the phosphate groups
weak so has a v low activation energy, bonds are easily broken
what happens when you break the bonds in atp
they release a considerable amount of energy
which enzyme is used to turn atp into ADP
ATP hydrolase
what is the equation for turning atp into enrgy
ATP + H2O —-> ADP +Pi + Energy
what kind of reaction is turning ATP into energy
hydrolysis
is the reaction between ATP TO ADP reversible
yes
how is adp to atp reversible
energy can be used to add the inorganic phosphat (Pi) to the ADP to reform the ATP
what is the reform reaction catalysed by
ATP synthase it is a condensation reaction
how do you actually add the inorganic phosphate to the ADP
- in chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis (photophosphorylation)
- in plant and animal cells during respiration ( oxidative phosphorylation)
- in plant and animal cell when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP (substrate-level-phosphorylation)
what is good/bad about atp
it is a good immediate source of energy due to the instability of the phosphate bonds but it is not a long-term energy source like glycogen
releases a small amount of energy so little heat is lost
does ATP release more or less energy than glucose
less
what are some roles of ATP
activation of molecules - when the pi is released during hydrolysis of ATP it can be used to phosphorylate other compounds and make them more reactive and lowering ae
- active transport to move molecules against the conc grad low to high
metabolic processes - atp provides the energy needed to build molecules from their basic units
what kind of moleucule is water
a dipole molecule, because it has both positive and negative poles
what holds multiple water molecules
hydrogen bonds
what holds one water molecule together
covalent bonds
what increases the specific heat capaciry of water
the hydrogen bonds as the waters clump together increase the spec heat cap
why is the high heat cap good for aquatic animals
its acts as a buffer against sudden changes to the environment and will preserve life - high heat capacity
what is cohesion
the tendency of molecules to stick together. water has large cohesive forces
what are the functions of water
- a metabolite in condensation/hydrolysis
- high specific heat capacity so is able to buffer changes to the environment
- large latent heat of vaporisation so can provide a cooling effect
- cohesion can support a column of water
- cohesion can provide surface tension for small molecules
what must be done for ATP be made
move through ATP synthases
what is the structure of ADP
adenosine diphosphate
