Cells

Question 1

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 1

The RER folds and packages proteins and sends them to the Golgi apparatus, bound with ribosomes that’s the bit that creates the proteins.

Question 2

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 2

To synthesis lipids. The SER synthesises many lipids such as cholesterol and other molecules such as steroids and hormones for use inside the cell and to export out

Question 3

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 3

To package and export lipids and proteins that are destined for outside the cell or to the cell surface plasma membrane

Question 4

What do lysosomes contain!

Answer 4

Lysozymes

Question 5

What are lysozymes!

Answer 5

Digestive enzymes which digest material inside the cell

Question 6

Are lysosomes membrane bound!

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Why are they membrane bound???

Answer 7

It protects the rest of the cell from the lysozymes activity

Question 8

What does hydrolytic mean???

Answer 8

Can enable hydrolysis - lysozymes do this.

Question 9

What is hydrolysis

Answer 9

The process of breaking down large polymers and their covalent bonds by adding water - the opposite of condensation polymerisation!

Question 10

what are aspects of the golgi apparatus’ structure

Answer 10

it has cisternae folds that (folded up flattened sacs) makes up the membrane increases SA

Question 11

what is the function of the ribosome

Answer 11

site of protein synthesis

Question 12

which ribosome is found in eukaryotes

Answer 12

80S

Question 13

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 13

controls the cells activity, it contains the cells chromosomes

Question 14

what structure are found within the nucleus

Answer 14

nuclear envelope - double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is continuous with the ER - it controls the entry of substances into and out of the cell

nuclear pores - allows the passage of large molecules into and out of nucleus such as mRNA

nucleoplasm - granular jelly like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus

nucleolus - small spherical region within the nucleoplasm that manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes

Question 15

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 15

mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration (the krebs cycles and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway) - therefore are responsible for the production of ATP

Question 16

what is the structure of the mitochondria

Answer 16

double membraned
cristae - extensions of the the double surrounding membrane, these folds increase the SA for enzyme attachment
matrix - remainder of space is occupied bu a fluid filled matrix it contains ribosomeS, DNA, proteins and lipids and so the mitochondrion can make its own proteins. many of the enzymes are also found here ( the respiration ones