Attitudes in Sport Flashcards
(21 cards)
define attitude
ideas charged with emotions (positive or negative) which predisposes a class of actions to a particular social situation
“attitudes are formed through…” (2)
experiences
either pleasant or unpleasant
people
attitudes of those around us
exactly who or what can attitudes be formed from? (5)
- coach / teachers
- parents / friends
- past experiences
- prejudice
- media
what are the two types of attitude?
positive
negative
how can positive experiences be formed amongst athletes? (3)
success and achievement
winning competitions, personal bests, mastering a new skill
support and rapport
strong bonds with teammates
growth and learning
how can negative experiences be formed amongst athletes? (3)
failure and setbacks
losses, injuries, performance slumps
pressure and stress
how many components does attitude have?
three
what are the three components of attitude?
C A B
cognitive
affective
behavioural
what is the cognitive component concerned with? (2)
- knowledge and beliefs that are formed through past experiences
- what we have learnt from others
what is the affective component concerned with?
feelings and emotions
what is the behavioural component concerned with?
the relationship between the three components is known as…?
the triadic model
modifying any one of the components can alter attitude
how can the cognitive component be modified?
provide a sporting example where this occurs
- by updating knowledge or providing a person with new information
e.g
a coach provides evidence that a new weight training regimen produces larger gains
modifying any one of the components can alter attitude
how can the affective component be modified?
provide a sporting example where this occurs
- by providing a person with new and positive experiences
e.g
moving a sprinter up into a more talented training group
modifying any one of the components can alter attitude
how can the behavioural component be modified? (2)
provide a sporting example where this occurs
- success and reinforcement
- simplifying a skill or including some form of guidance can make execution easier
e.g
a teacher spends time building the confidence of a gymnast by going through the stages of a handspring
define cognitive dissonance
the psychological discomfort or tension that occurs when a person holds two conflicting beliefs
how does cognitive dissonance contribute to a change in attitude? (2)
to alleviate the tension, the individual may change their attitude or change their behaviour all together
because one of the conflicting ideas needs to be reduced
how can the triadic model be used to create dissonance?
as an example
- an individual may BELIEVE in the importance of good nutrition (cognitive)
- but still they continue to eat poorly and choose unhealthy food (behavioural)
so how does the triadic model apply to changing attitude? (3)
- to create dissonance, each component of the triadic model needs to be manipulated
- even manipulating one component effectively can create cognitive dissonance
- however, for this process to be effective, persuasive communication is needed
what is the purpose of persuasive communication?
it is used to foster positive attitudes
how can the components of persuasive communication be used to their maximum efficiency?
ie.
persuader needs to be…
message needs to be…
recipient needs to be…
situation needs to be…
persuader needs to be
an expert
trustworthy
understanding of the recipient
message needs to be
clear
unambiguous
balanced
recipient needs to be
open to change
accepting
understanding
situation needs to be
safe
non-threatening
