UNIT 4: Sport in Society

Question 1

sport in society refers to how sport interacts with social norms, values, institutions, and issues such as… (5)

Answer 1

identity and belonging
national pride

social class and access
who can afford to participate

gender and equality
women’s vs men’s

race and inclusion
campaigns

politics and power
propaganda

Question 2

define society

Answer 2

a group of people who share a common culture, institution and way of life

Question 3

in sport, society…

Answer 3

shapes how sport is organised, who has access to it, and what values are promoted

Question 4

define socialisation

Answer 4

the lifelong process of learning the norms, values, behaviour and culture of your society

Question 5

in sport, socialisation…

Answer 5

includes learning team work, fair play, and respect through participation

Question 6

define social control

Answer 6

the ways in which behaviour is regulated within society ; often through laws, norms or expectations

Question 7

in sport, social control includes…

Answer 7

rules, referees, and governing bodies help enforce acceptable behaviour and discourage deviance

Question 8

define culture

Answer 8

the shared beliefs, customs, values, and behaviours of a group of people

Question 9

in sport, culture includes…

Answer 9

national traditions

Question 10

define social institutions

Answer 10

structured and organised systems within society that influence behaviour and contribute to social order

Question 11

in sport, social institutions include…

Answer 11

family, religion, education, government

Question 12

how many main roles does sport play within the areas of society?

Answer 12

four

Question 13

sport and its role in different areas of society (4)

Answer 13

• health
• leisure
• business
• entertainment

Question 14

THE ROLES OF SPORT: HEALTH (4)

Answer 14

contributes to physical, mental, and emotional health by encouraging active lifestyles

• reduces risk of lifestyle diseases
• improves mental wellbeing and reduces stress and anxiety
• enhances self esteem and social inclusion

Question 15

examples of how sport plays a significant role in the health sector (2)

Answer 15

NHS and government campaigns like “Change4Life” promote sport for healthier living

Initiatives such as park runs (voluntary sector)

Question 16

THE ROLES OF SPORT: LEISURE (3)

Answer 16

sport is a major leisure activity for both participants and sectors

• provides enjoyment and escapism from daily life
• creates opportunities for informal and formal participation

Question 17

examples of how sport plays a significant role in the leisure sector (2)

Answer 17

• community sports clubs and leisure centres offering football, swimming, yoga
• spectating at live matches, watching sports on tv, or engaging through apps

Question 18

THE ROLE OF SPORT: BUSINESS (3)

Answer 18

a growing global industry that generates revenue and creates employment

• sponsorship, advertisement, ticket sales, broadcasting rights
• employment in coaching, sport science, physiotherapy, event management

Question 19

examples of how sport plays a significant role in the business sector (2)

Answer 19

• premier league clubs generating millions through sponsorship deals
• major companies using athletes

Question 20

THE ROLE OF SPORT: ENTERTAINMENT (3)

Answer 20

sport is one of the worlds leading forms of entertainment, accessible across many platforms

• offers drama, excitement, and emotion
• celebrated through live events, highlights, documentaries, video games

Question 21

examples of how sport plays a significant role in the entertainment sector (2)

Answer 21

• the olympics or FIFA World Cup broadcast to global audiences
• streaming platforms blending sport in (Netflix, Disney +, Amazon Prime)

Question 22

define social mobility

Answer 22

the ability of individuals or groups to move within or between social strata in society, particularly in terms of economic or social status ; it can be upward or downward

Question 23

define commodity

Answer 23

a basic good or service that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type

athletes, events, or sporting goods that are marketed and commercialised

Question 24

what are the benefits of sport from a government perspective? (7)

Answer 24

promote their political ideologies
use for “soft power,” political messaging or diplomacy

shop window effect
the use of major sporting events to showcase a country to the world in the best possible light

sports-washing
the use of sport to redirect public attention away from unethical conduct ; ‘washing’ away poor publicity

health promotion
investment to reduce obesity and improve mental health

infrastructure benefits

economic benefits

social integration

Question 25

"increased success at elite level leads to...

Answer 25

increased participation, which leads to an increased talent pool."

Question 26

what are the reasons as to why sport is used as a political tool? (5)

Answer 26

- propaganda - boycotts - protests - diplomacy - national identity

Question 27

define **propaganda**

Answer 27

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote political agenda and influence public opinion

Question 28

provide a sporting example wherein **propaganda** has been in effect

Answer 28

**1936 Berlin Olympics (Nazi Germany)**

Question 29

**1936 Berlin Olympics (Nazi Germany)** (5)

Answer 29

**the nazi regime tried to camoflauge its racist policies whilst hosting the olympic games** - most antisemitic signs were temporarily removed and newspapers toned down their harsh rhetoric - athletic imagery drew a link between nazi germany and ancient greece, promoting the ideology of aryan racial superiority - stadiums and broadcasts were filled with nazi symbols and propaganda - african american athlete, jesse owens, won four gold medals and therefore undermined the racist message

Question 30

define **boycott**

Answer 30

individuals or groups abstain from using, buying, or participating with a person, organisation, or country as a form of protest or to exert pressure for political or societal change

Question 31

provide a sporting example wherein **boycotts** are in effect

Answer 31

**1980 Moscow Olympics**

Question 32

**1980 Moscow Olympics** (4)

Answer 32

**DECEMBER 1979 : the soviet invasion of afghanistan sparked wide spread condemnation** - in response, the united states led over 60 countries in a boycott of the games - this boycott, the largest in olympic history, was a major escalation of cold war tensions - in retaliation, the USSR and its allies boycotted the 1984 los angeles olympics

Question 33

define **protest**

Answer 33

a public demonstration or action expressing objection, disapproval, or dissent towards an idea, policy, entity, or event

Question 34

provide a sporting example wherein a **protest** is in effect

Answer 34

**1968 Mexico City Olympics**

Question 35

**1968 Mexico City Olympics** (4)

Answer 35

**two black american athletes, tommie smith and john carlos, raised black-gloved fists during the US national anthem** - this gesture, along with other symbolic acts like wearing black socks without shoes and smith wearing a black scarf, was a protest against racial injustice and discrimination - it led to significant backlash from the international olympic committee (IOC) and the US officials - both athletes were suspended and forced to return home

Question 36

define **diplomacy**

Answer 36

the ability to influence social and political relations amongst countries - where sport bridges divides and fosters mutual understanding and peace

Question 37

provide a sporting example wherein **diplomacy** is in effect

Answer 37

**Ping Pong Diplomacy**

Question 38

**Ping Pong Diplomacy 1971** (4)

Answer 38

**an american and chinese player exchanged gifts after a chance meeting** - the US table tennis team became the first americans to visit china since the communist takeover - paved the way for president nixon's historic visit to china in 1972 - sport was ultimately used as a soft power tool to ease political tensions between cold war rivals

Question 39

define **national identity**

Answer 39

the deliberate use of a shared "sense of belonging" to a nation to influence, mobilise, and unify a population for political purposes

Question 40

provide a sporting example wherein **national identity** is in effect

Answer 40

**1995 Rugby World Cup**

Question 41

**1995 Rugby World Cup** (4)

Answer 41

**before the tournament : the springboks, the south african national rugby team, were largely seen as a symbol of white south african dominance** - it was hosted and won by south africa just after the end of the apartheid - nelson mandela, the first black president of south africa, wore the springbok jersey to promote unity - this helped to heal racial divides and build a post apartheid national identity