Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

..3 > Auditory Pathways And Language > Flashcards

Auditory Pathways And Language Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first order neuron in the auditory pathways?

A

Primary afferent CN 8 Cochlear Part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do we not define second and third order neurons for Auditory Pathways?

A

Bc they cross over so much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to the auditory pathways?

A

Deafness does NOT occur

Bc so much crossing over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent cranial VIII cochlear part?

Where do they enter the brainstem?

What do they do after that?

A

Spiral ganglion

Pontomedullary junction

Divide into ascending and descending bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do the ascending bundles of the primary afferent CN8 nerve synpase?

A

In cochlear nuclei

Anterior —> ant. Subdivision of VENTRAL cochlear nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do the descending bundles of the primary afferent CN8 nerve synpase?

A

In cochlear nuclei

Desc. —>
posterior subdivision of VENTRAL cochlear nucleus
& in
DORSAL cochlear nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is monoaural info routed to?

A

Contralateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is conveyed thru Monoaural info?

A

Info about sounds at a SINGLE ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the monoaural tract?

A

Dorsal cochlear nucleus (cell bodies here)
—-> cross via dorsal acoustic stria
—> Contra. LL
—> Inferior colliculus (where nuclei of LL is)
—> brachium of inferior collilicus
—> Medial Geniculate nucleus
—> Sublenticular limb of internal capsule
—> layer 4 of Primary auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 other names for the primary auditory cortex?

A

Heschl’s gyrus

Anterior transverse temporal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What info does the binaural tracts convey?

A

Info about different sounds at BOTH ears

Differences allow localization and comparison of sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pathway for binaural tracts?

A

Binaural info —> central pathways (receive compare and transmit this input)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pathway for Binaural tracts?

A 
Ventral cochlear nuclei 
—> trapezoid body
—> superior olivary nuclei (medial and lateral) 
—> Ascend BILATERALLY in LL 
—> Inferior colliculus 
—> Brachium of IC
—> MGN 
—> layer 4 of primary auditory cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Broadly, what is the blood supply to the cochlea and auditory nuclei of pons and medulla?

A

Basilar a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the internal auditory artery a branch of?

What is the other name for it?

A

AICA

Labyrinthine A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the internal auditory a. Supply?

A

Inner ear

Cochlear nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What results from an occlusion of AICA?

A

Monaural hearing loss ipsilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to the internal auditory A.?

A

Fibers of facial nerve could be damaged

Fibers of pontine gaze center (horiz.) could also be damaged

Monaural hearing loss ipsilaterally
Facial paralysis ipsilaterally
Unable to look TOWARD side of lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What supplies the superior olivary complex and LL?

A

Short circumferential branches of the Basilar A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What supplies the inferior colliculus?

A

Superior cerebellar A.

Quadrigeminal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What supplies the medial geniculate bodies?

A

Thalamogeniculate arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What supplies the primary auditory and association cortices?

A

M2 segment of the MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes conduction deafness?

Result?

A

Obstructed or altered transformation of sound to tympanic membrane or thru ossicle chain

Deficit in hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes sensorineural deafness?

Results in?

A

Damage to cochlea (hair cells etc), cochlear part of CN 8 or to cochlear nuclei

IPSILATERAL deafness

25
What causes central “deafness” ? Results in?
Damage to central pathways (supeiror olivary nucleus and up) Trouble localizing sounds Unable to focus on sound stimuli (WILL NOT BE DEAF)
26
What constitutes the Central pathway?
Superior olivary nucleus and up
27
What is agnosia?
Inability to identify an object despite being able to perceive it
28
What is auditory agnosia? Example?
Inability to describe a sound that has been heard Fire alarm sounds, but unable to identify it as that
29
What cause auditory agnosia?
Lesion to Unimodal sensory association cortex BILATERALLY
30
What is the dominant hemisphere for language?
Left (in 94-95% of adults)
31
What is wernicke’s area for?
COMPREHENSION of Spoken and written language Word representation Word retrieval
32
What is Broca’s Area responsible for?
Language output, production of speech, GRAMMAR, word processing, articulation
33
What is the area analogous to wernicke’s area responsible for?
Interpreting nonverbal signals from other people | I.e. body language
34
What is the area analogous to Broca’s area responsible for?
For producing non-verbal communication like Emotional gestures Intonation of speech
35
If the Areas Analogous to Wernicke’s and Broca’s are damaged, what is the result?
People will take things literally Will not pick up on body language nuances, gestures, sarcasm “Won’t get the joke”
36
What is the pathway for language? Which 2 steps do you not need to language but for reading?
1. Primary auditory cortex 2. Auditory association cortex 3. Wernicke’s 4. Subcortical connections (arcuate fasciculations) 5. Broca’s 6. Sensorimotor cortex Do not need steps 1 or 2 (language does not depend on vision or auditory input)
37
What is the role of the primary auditory cortex?
Auditory discrimination
38
What is the role of the auditory association cortex?
Classify sounds | Language vs other sounds
39
What is the role of the Subcortical Connections?
Arcuate fasciculations link wernicke’s and Broca’s area Allow for WORD REPETITION
40
What is the role of the sensorimotor cortex (dorsal pre-motor cortex) in language?
Cortical output to speech muscles
41
What is the role of the the Lateral Temporal Cortex in Language?
Semantic knowledge (if sentence makes sense) Word recognition (meaning)
42
What is the visual cortex for in language pathway?
Visual word form Allows you to see how letters come together to form different words
43
What are other names for broca’s aphasia?
Expressive aphasia | Non-fluent aphasia
44
How does Broca’s Aphasia present?
``` Can’t speak fluently Can understand written and spoken language Should habitual phrases used Slow, labored speech Non-essential words are omitted ``` If severe enough = can’t speak, Mutism
45
What lesion could cause Broca’s aphasia?
Lesion to left inferior frontal gyrus
46
What else is Wernicke’s aphasia known as?
Receptive or fluent aphasia
47
How does Wernicke’s aphasia present?
Cannot understand language Expression if fine Cannot read Cannot write comprehensibly Has fluent, paraphasic speech CANNOT REPEAT
48
What is alexia?
Inability to write
49
What is agraphia?
Inability to write comprehensible language
50
What is fluent paraphasic speech?
Fluent speech but with made up words
51
What lesion could result in Wernicke’s aphasia?
Lesion to Left superior temporal gyrus (Broca’s= inf.) Inferior parietal lobule Posterior middle temporal gyrus
52
What is global aphasia? Presents w/? Caused by?
Type of non fluent aphasia Receptive and expressive deficits Impaired reading and writing Lesion of lateral sulcus due to massive stroke
53
What is conduction aphasia? Presents with? Due to lesion of?
Type of fluent aphasia CANT REPEAT (like wernicke’s) but but but CAN COMPREHEND (unlike wernicke’s) Fluent Reading intact Writing impaired Speech interrupted by word finding difficulties Lesion of supramarginal gyrus and ARCUATE FASCICULUS
54
How does transcortical sensory aphasia present?
~similar to Wernicke’s~ Fluent Impaired comprehension Impaired naming CAN REPEAT
55
What causes trans cortical sensory aphasia?
MCA - PCA border zone infarction
56
How does Transcortical Motor Aphasia present?
~similar to broca’s~ Nonfluent Normal comprehension Normal naming GRAMMAR IS OKAY THO
57
What causes a transcortical motor aphasia?
ACA- MCA border zone infarction
58
What is mixed transcortical aphasia?
Not fluent (Broca/motor) Unable to comprehend (wernicke’s/sensory) Able to repeat (Sensory)

..3 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions