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Thermoregulation Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is “set point” ?

A

Desired value chosen by hypothalamus for core body temperature

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2
Q

What is core temperature?

A

36.7 C
Brain and visceral temperature

(In morning range = 36.3-37.1 C)

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3
Q

Where are thermoreceptors?

A

In skin viscera and brain

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4
Q

What can core temperature affect?

A

Enzyme activity, change cellular function

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5
Q

Where are brain thermoreceptors?

More warm or cold ones?

Relay info to?

A

Pre-otic and superoptic region of hypothalamus

3x as many warm ones

Relay info to other areas of hypothalamus

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6
Q

What do visceral thermoreceptors sense?

A

Sense threat to maintenence of core temp. Thru

Ingested food that could change body temp
Etc.

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7
Q

Where will visceral thermoreceptors relay info to?

A

Hypothalamus (superoptic and pre-optic regions)

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8
Q

Where are cutaneous thermoreceptors?

Unimodal or bimodal?

Warm or cold sensitive?

A

Axons in skin

Bimodal - can sense both touch and temp.

Both but 10x more cold sensitive ones

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9
Q

What will cutaneous thermoreceptors do?

A

Tell us about environmental conditions

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10
Q

How does the hypothalamus act to control thermoregulation?

A

Thru hormones, ANS, and behavior changes

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11
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

A

Controller of body temperature

Decides set point
integrates received info about current temp and makes changes based on that

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12
Q

What does anterior hypothalamus do in re: to thermoregulation?

A

Responds to HEAT with heat loss behaviors

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13
Q

What does the posterior hypothalamus do in re: to thermoregulation?

A

Responds to COLD w/ heat production behaviors

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14
Q

What gives us insulation?

Why is this the insulation material?

A

Adipose tissue

Bc 1/5 the thermal conductance as compared to skin, muscles etc.

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15
Q

What causes babies to lose heat more than adults?

A

Higher surface area to size ratio

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16
Q

How does metabolism contribute to heat generation?

A

Anaerobic metabolism breaks down Glucose to lactic acid and produces 4 atp in the process

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17
Q

What are the mechanisms for heat production? (4)

A

Ans
Endocrine
Muscular activity
Non-shivering thermogenesis

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18
Q

How does Endocrine system contribute to heat production?

A

Thyroxin

Epinephrine

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19
Q

How does the ANS contribute to heat production?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sympathetics contract skin, reducing heat loss

20
Q

How does Muscular activity contribute to heat production?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Shivering (increased motor neuron excitation)

2. Increased voluntary activity via cortex (running, jumping)

21
Q

What part of the brain controls shivering?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus

the one that responds to cold with heat production behaviors

22
Q

What are the ways Non-shivering thermogenesis contributes to heat production?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hormonal influences

Increased food intake

Brown adipose tissue

23
Q

How does hormonal influence contribute to heat production?

Study These Flashcards
A

Thyroxin will increase metabolic rate

Epinephrine contraction of BVs

24
Q

How does increased food intake contribute to heat production?

Study These Flashcards
A

Increased metabolism —> heat produced

25
How does Brown adipose tissue contribute to heat production? What will need to innervate it to start it’s contribution?
Low efficiency hydrolysis of ATP via uncoupling proteins ``` Sympathetic fibers Circulating epinephrine (adrenergic innervation) ```
26
Who is brown adipose tissue critical in?
Infants
27
How do brown and white fat compare?
White fat also has uncoupling proteins and can be activated by sympathetic innervation
28
What are the 5 mechanisms for heat loss?
``` Evaporative heat loss Convection Conduction Radiation Blood to skin ```
29
What is evaporative heat loss? | What are the 2 types?
Energy lost as water evaporates 1. Insensible (respiratory/ panting) 2. Sweating (controlled)
30
What is convection?
Movement of molecules away from contact (hot air rising)
31
What is conduction? What is a common form of this?
Transfer of heat between objects in physical contact with one another Commonly b/w you and walls
32
What is radiation’s contribution to heat loss?
Infrared radiation transfers heat between 2 objects NOT in physical contact
33
How does blood to skin help heat loss?
How much blood to skin determines how much heat to environment
34
What will activate sweat glands?
Sympathetic cholinergic | ach to muscarinic receptor
35
What is the strucutre of a sweat gland?
Coiled region near lots of blood vessels w/ duct leading to skin
36
How is sweat produced?
1. Serum filtrated, included ions | 2. Fluid to skin surface w/ reabsorption of water and sodium and Cl back to blood in duct
37
What happens along the duct of a sweat gland if there is a high flow rate?
High water is excreted
38
What happens along the duct of a sweat gland if there is a low flow rate?
Low water excreted High Na
39
What happens along the duct of a sweat gland if there is acclimation?
Low Na due to aldosterone action
40
What is a fever?
Controlled increase in set point | body temp. Following orders of hypothalamus
41
When will a fever occur? Why?
With an infection Bc immune system will release cytokines PGE2 —> EP3 receptor —> increase hypothalamic set point for temperature
42
What will the increased Temperature set point from a fever cause?
Increased heat production thru shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (thyroxin and epi) Decreased heat loss via loss of blood to skin, decreased evap. Heat loss
43
When the infection is gone, what happens to the hypothalamic set point that was raised do to fever?
Returns to normal and now the body temperature is higher than T set point
44
When the fever has broke, and body temp is now to high, what happens?
Decreased heat production (apathy, inertia, anorexia) | Increased heat loss Conduction, convection, EHL (Sweating), insensible EHL (panting)
45
What happens to your set point during sleep?
Decreased set point = decreased body temperature
46
What happens to your core temperature during exercise? What temperature can it reach?
Increased set point = increased temp Up to 40 C
47
What will sympathetic cholinergic innervation of sweat glands cause?
Vasodilation of blood vessels

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