Auditory System

Question 1

What are the 3 fluid-filled cavities of the cochlea?

Answer 1

Reissner’s membrane
Basilar membrne
Transduction

Question 2

Where is the Scala media closed off at?

Answer 2

The apex

Question 3

What connects the Scala tympani and the Scala vestibuli?

Answer 3

helicotrema

Question 4

What is continuous at the Scala tympani and the Scala Vestibuli?

Answer 4

Perilymph

Question 5

What meets the round window?

Answer 5

Scala vestibuli

Question 6

What meets at the oval window?

Answer 6

Scala tympani

Question 7

Describe the Basilar Membrane

Answer 7

Flexible

Vibrates in sync with fluid motion

Question 8

What determines the distance that a particular frequency travels?

Answer 8

The width and flexibility of the basilar membrane

Question 9

What opens the TRPA1 channels?

Answer 9

Force towards kinocilium

Question 10

What connects transduction channels (Cation channels on hairs)

Answer 10

Tip links

Question 11

What inputs do inner hair cells receive?

Answer 11

Afferent

Question 12

What inputs do outer hair cells receive?

Answer 12

Efferent

Question 13

What is the motor protein composed of?

Answer 13

Prestin

Question 14

What does Furosemide affect?

Answer 14

Inactivates the membrane motor so reveals its influence

Question 15

What is endolymphs potential?

Answer 15

80mV

Question 16

What potential is generated to the sterocilia membrane?

Answer 16

120 mV

Question 17

Is there higher or lower Potassium levels in the endolymph?

Answer 17

Higher

Question 18

What are the two coding systems for the auditory nerve?

Answer 18

Place code

Temporal code

Question 19

What frequency level does Place code do?

Answer 19

Higher frequency

Question 20

What frequency does Temporal code do?

Question 21

In the brain, what is the pathway from ear end?

Answer 21

CN VIII
Trapeziod body
medulla
Intermediate acoustic site
Superior olivary nuclei
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate nucleus
Primary auditory cortex

Question 22

What are the 3 branches of the VIII nerve?

Answer 22

Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus (DCN)
Posteroventral Cochlear Nucleus (PVCN)
Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus (AVCN)

Question 23

What does tonotopy ensure?

Answer 23

Each neurone innervates several different areas and different neuron types

Question 24

What do the semicircular canals measure?

Answer 24

Head angular acceleration (head rotation)

Question 25

What do the saccule and the utricle measure?

Answer 25

Head linear acceleration (Translation motion and Gravity)

Question 26

What are the saccule and the utricle known as?

Answer 26

The Otolith organs/Otocysts

Question 27

What does cochlea vibration and labyrinth acceleration/gravity do?

Answer 27

Deforms the hair cells

Question 28

What does deformation of hair cells do?

Answer 28

Generates an electrochemical signal which is transmitted by nerve fibres to the vestibular nucleus

Question 29

What does deformation of the stereocilia towards kinocilium cause?

Answer 29

Depolarization

Question 30

In the semicircular canals, what is the Crista?

Answer 30

Sheet of cells where hair cells are clustered

Question 31

What does the fluid displace when there is movement?

Answer 31

The capula

Question 32

Where is the Crista?

Answer 32

In the Ampulla

Question 33

What does the posterior canal share a plane with?

Answer 33

Contralateral anterior canal

Question 34

What movement does the saccule measure?

Answer 34

Vertical/Sagittal plane

Question 35

What movement does the utricle measure?

Answer 35

Horizontal plane

Question 36

In the otolith organs, where do the hair cells lie?

Answer 36

In the macula

Question 37

what divides the hair cells into two groups?

Answer 37

The striola

Question 38

What are present on the otolith membrane?

Answer 38

Crystals of calcium carbonate called Otocania

Question 39

What is the Vestibulo-ocular reflex?

Answer 39

Keeps the eyes still in space when the head moves

Question 40

What is the Vestibulo-colic reflex?

Answer 40

Keeps head still in space on level plane when you walk

Question 41

What is the Vestibular-spinal reflex?

Answer 41

Adjusts posture for rapid changes in position