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Neuro > Spinal Cord Compression > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Compression Flashcards

1
Q

How many neuron tracts are present in the Corticospinal tract?

A

2 - upper and lower neuron tract

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2
Q

Is the tract ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Ipsilateral

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3
Q

Describe the upper motor neuron path?

A

From the motor cortex to anterior grey horn.

Decussates at medullary level

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4
Q

What are signs of an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion?

A

Increased tone
Muscle wasting NOT marked
No Fasciculation
Hyper-flexia

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5
Q

What are signs of a Lower Motor Neurone Lesion?

A

Decreased tone
Muscle wasting
Fasciculations
Diminished reflexes

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6
Q

Describe the Spinothalamic tracts

A

Sense pain, temperature and crude touch
Contralateral
Decussates at spinal level

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7
Q

Describe the dorsal columns

A

Sense fine touch, proprioception and vibration
Ipsilateral
Decussates at medullary level

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8
Q

What can cause acute spinal cord cmpression?

A

Trauma
Tumours - haemorrhage or collapse
Infection
Spontaneous haemorrhage

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9
Q

What degenerative disease can cause chronic spinal cord compression?

A

Spondylosis

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10
Q

What else can cause chronic spinal cord compression?

A

Tumours

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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11
Q

Describe a Cord Transection

A

Complete lesion - all motor and sensory modalities affected.

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12
Q

How does a cord transection present?

A

Initially a flaccid arreflexic paralysis “spinal shock”

Upper motor neuron signs appear later

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13
Q

What is Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

Cord Hemisection

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14
Q

What happens in a cord hemisection?

A

Ipsilateral motor level
Ipsilateral dorsal column sensory level
Contralateral spinothalamic sensory level

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15
Q

What can cause Central Cord Syndrome?

A

Hyperflexion or extension injury to already stenotic neck

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16
Q

What does central cord syndrome predominantly affect?

A

Distal upper limb weakness

17
Q

What is preserved in a central cord syndrome?

A

Lower limb power

Dorsal columns

18
Q

How is the spnothalamic sensory loss described in central cord syndrome?

A

Cape-like

19
Q

Whats the difference between acute and chronic spinal cord compression?

A

Upper motor neuron signs predominate in chronic

20
Q

Describe extradural tumours

A

Usually metastasis

lung, breast, kidney, prostate

21
Q

Describe intradural tumours

A

Extramedullary -meniingioma, schwannoma
Intramedullary - Astrocytoma
Ependymoma

22
Q

How do tumours cause acute compression?

A

Collapse or haemorrhage

23
Q

What happens in Spinal canal stenosis?

A

Osteophyte formation
Bulging of intervertebral discs
Facet joint hypertrophy
Subluxation

24
Q

What can be causes of an epidural abscess?

A

Bloodbourne
Staph
TB

Neuro (19 decks)

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