Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What is homeostasis

Answer 1

A neutral state that is maintained in body for stability despite changing internal and external environments it happens automatic and unconsicously to maintain a stable state in our body

Question 2

What is the hypothalamus

Answer 2

Receives sensory input from peripheral nervous system and reacts to maintain homestasis
Visceral pain
Strech receptors
Chemoreceptors
Sends motor signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

Question 3

What are other structures that are closely related to the hypothalamus that plays a large role in regulating mood

Answer 3

The pituitary gland and the endocrine structure

Question 4

What are some things that happen when we stand up

Answer 4

Gravity causes blood to pool in lower limbs
Blood pressure drops in systemic arteries
Decreased firing rate of visceral receptors in carotid sinus and arch of arota
Integrated in brainstem and hypothalamus
Efferent motor pathway
Increase in heart rate and contraction force SNS increase PNS decreases
Increase in blood pressure

Question 5

What is our system doing when we stand up

Answer 5

Levarging our somatic system to force our autonomic system into a sympathetic state

Question 6

How can we manipulate our autonomic state in a productive and healthy way

Answer 6

Exercise

Question 7

What is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

Component of the peripheral nervous system
Involuntary control of viscera

Question 8

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

Parasympathetic nervous system
Rest and digest
Feed and breed
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight flight or fright

Question 9

What is visceral afferents

Answer 9

Sensory input from organs

Question 10

What is visceral efferents

Answer 10

Motor output to organs
Smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Glands

Question 11

Where to the sympathetic and parasympathetic system travel

Answer 11

Sympathetic innervention travels through the sympathetic trunk
Parasympathetic system is craniosacral involves cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves

Question 12

What is the somatic system

Answer 12

General Sensory
Musculoskeletal movement’s and reflexes (motor)

Question 13

Whats the difference between somatic vs autonomic neurons

Answer 13

Somatic motor system is a one neuron system
Visceral motor system has two neurons

Question 14

What are the two neurons in the visceral system

Answer 14

Presynpatic neuron extending from the CNS and a postsynaptic neuron in the PNS

Question 15

What is the SNS neuron built like

Answer 15

Short presynpatic neuron (Myelinated)
Sympathetic Ganglion is Acetylchlorine
Long postsynaptic neuron
Unmyelinated
Nor(Epinephrine to the target organ

Question 16

What is the PSNS built like

Answer 16

Long presynaptic neuron (Myelinated)
A parasympathetic ganglion (Acetylchloine)
Short postsynaptic neuron with acetylcholine to target organ

Question 17

What does the length of the presynaptic neuron dictate

Answer 17

Where the peripheral ganglia will be found

Question 18

What does the SNS and PSNS do to the heart rate lungs and digestive tract

Answer 18

SNS increase heart rate
PSNS decrease heart rate
SNS Bronchodilation faster breath rate
PSNS Bronchoconstriction slower breath rate
SNS Decrease in digestive activity, blood diverted to periphery
PSNS increase is digestive activity

Question 19

What does the SNS and PSNS do to salvia and tear pupils and reproductive parts

Answer 19

SNS saliva and tear production is down
PSNS increase in Saliva and tear
SNS pupillary dilation
PSNS pupillary constriction
SNS orgasm/ejaculation decrease in urinary function
PSNS arousal/erection
Increase in urinary function

Question 20

Where are sympathetic neurons coming from

Answer 20

Arise from the lateral horn of the spinal cord at levels T1-L2 and join the sympathetic trunk

Question 21

What happens in the sympathetic trunk above T1

Answer 21

Signals can only leave sympathetic trunk-they can’t join

Question 22

Where do all sympathetic fibers enter

Answer 22

Between T1 and L2 spinal levels

Question 23

What happens below L2

Answer 23

Signals can only leave sympathetic trunk they cant join

Question 24

What do presynaptic neurons create

Answer 24

White rami when they enter the sympathetic trunk

Question 25

What do postsynpatic neurons create

Answer 25

The create gray rami communicantes as they leave the sympathetic trunk

Question 26

Where can sympathetic neurons synaps

Answer 26

They can exit the same level that they orginated at or they can ascend or descend to synpase and exit at different levels

Question 27

Are there white rami above T1 or below L2

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What are splanchnic nerves

Answer 28

They are presynaptic neurons that can exit the sympathetic trunk without synapsisng which they actually synapse at more distal ganglia in the abodomen

Question 29

Where else can splanchnic nerves synpase

Answer 29

In the adrenal glands which is when you get that feeling in your stomach

Question 30

What is a visceral afferent neuron

Answer 30

It is following the pathway with somatosensory fibers it is neurons coming back at the same time which confuses our brain

Question 31

What is referred pain

Answer 31

Because the visceral sensory fibers of the sympathetic system follow the same as the somatic sensory fibers it confuses our brain and we think pain is coming from somewhere else

Question 32

Whats the difference between pain from outisde and inside

Answer 32

Brain can understand the paint from the outside but it can not process the pain from the inside

Question 33

What is the parasympathetic system

Answer 33

It is craniosacral

Question 34

What is the oculomotor

Answer 34

It is the cranial nerve that moves our eyes and either lets in more light or constriction less light

Question 35

What does the parasympathetic do to the oculomotor

Answer 35

It interacts with the sphincter pupillae to constrictie the pupil

Question 36

What does the sympathetic sysetm do to the oculomotor

Answer 36

It interacts with the ilator pupilae and dilates the pupil

Question 37

What is the facial cranial nerve do

Answer 37

It controls the salivary glands (sublingual and submandibular) and lacrimal glands along with mucosal gland to produce extra mucus

Question 38

What does the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve do

Answer 38

Controls the Partoid galnd which produces and excretes saliva into the mouth to aid in digestion And the cartiod sinus contains chemoreceptors that help to sense changes in our blood pressure

Question 39

What does the Vaguse cranial nerve do

Answer 39

It is the most wide spread crainal nerve providng the vast majority of parasympathetic innervation to the body means wander Innervation to thoraci and upper abdominal organs

Question 40

Can mindful breathing help with stress

Answer 40

Yes it can leverage the somatic system to activate the parasympathetic system and reduce the harmful effects