Introduction to nervous System

Question 1

What makes up the central nervous system

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal Cord

Question 2

What makes up the peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

The nerves

Question 3

What are the functions of the nervous system

Answer 3

Controls and integrates bodily activity
Reacts to constant changes in external and internal encironments

Question 4

Whats the main function of the CNS

Answer 4

Is the mains processing center and coordinator of all our bodys functions

Question 5

What are the two cells of the nervous system

Answer 5

Neurons
Neurogila

Question 6

What are function of Neurons

Answer 6

Basic unit of the nervous system
Transmit electrical impulses to one another to communicate information

Question 7

What are the functions of neurogila

Answer 7

Non-neuronal, non-excitable cells
5x as abundant as neurons
Support for neurons
- Structural nourishment insulation pathogen clearance

Question 8

What is the myelin sheath

Answer 8

Insulates axon to increase speed of signal

Question 9

What is the difference between a multipolar motor neuron and pseudounipolar sensory neuron

Answer 9

Motor neurons send singals from the CNS to target organs where sensory neurons bring signals from the periphery to the CNS

Question 10

What is an axon

Answer 10

Transmits action potential

Question 11

What is the trigger zone

Answer 11

Axon hillock; where signals summate to reach threshold and cause an action potential

Question 12

What are dendrites

Answer 12

Collecting information from other neurons or cells
Neuron synapses on a dendrite

Question 13

What are axon terminals

Answer 13

Where synpase occurs with next neurons in the chain or target organ

Question 14

What is the central process

Answer 14

Part of axon proximal to the cell body

Question 15

What are the peripheral process

Answer 15

Part of the axon distal to the cell body

Question 16

Are there dendrites around the cell body in a pseudounipolar sensory neuron

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What is a ganglion

Answer 17

Collection of cell bodies from multiple neurons within a nerve

Question 18

What is the difference between the two type of neuroglia oligodendrocyte and schwann cell

Answer 18

Oligodendrocyte forms several mylein sheaths around multiple axons only in CN
Schwann cell forms one mylein sheath around one section of axon in the peripheral nervous system

Question 19

What is multiple scelerosis

Answer 19

Degradation of oligodendocytes dying off mylein is degrading different sympotoms

Question 20

What is guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 20

Degradation of Schawn cells it is weakness nad paralysis motor problem in younger age

Question 21

What is gray matter in analogy

Answer 21

It the buildings in a city that process and store information

Question 22

What is white matter in an analogy

Answer 22

Represents the roads, transit lines and bike lanes that connect the buildings to transmit information

Question 23

What is the gray matter made up of

Answer 23

Cell bodies cortex and nuclei

Question 24

Do cell bodies have myelin

Answer 24

No only axons

Question 25

What is the white made up of

Answer 25

Axons with glial sheath

Question 26

What do unmyleinated neurons do

Answer 26

Need to depolarize at every point along their axon which leads to a relatively slow signal speed

Question 27

Where do myelinated neurons

Answer 27

only need to depolarize at the nodes of Ranvier meaning the signal can jump from node to node, drastically increasing the speed

Question 28

What are the steps of neuronal synapse

Answer 28

1. Nerve impulse arrive at axon terminal end bulb of presynaptic neuron 2. Impulse cause calcium channels to open and calcium ions rush in 3. Neurotransmitter is released and crosses the synaptic cleft to trigger opening of sodium channels on postsynaptic neuron 4. Sodium ions flow into dendrite of posysnaptic neuron to initiate new nerve impulse

Question 29

What is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 29

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Peripheral innervation to visceral organs and glands Peripheral nervous system in charge of invoulntary control

Question 30

What is the somatic nervous system

Answer 30

Peripheral innervation to all other tissues (muscles, skin etc)

Question 31

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 31

feed and breed rest and digest

Question 32

What is the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

Fight or flight

Question 33

What is the somatic nervous system

Answer 33

Component of the peripheral nervous system in charge of voulntary and peripheral sensation

Question 34

What is a dermatome

Answer 34

Skin which is sensory

Question 35

What is a myotome

Answer 35

Muscle and motor