Muscle Basics

Question 1

What are some features of skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Striated muscles with myosis and actin
Under voulntary control

Question 2

What are the three types of muscle

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

Question 3

What are some features of cardiac muscle

Answer 3

Found in the heard
Striated muscle
Invoulntary control

Question 4

What are some features of smooth muscle

Answer 4

Found in viscera blood, vessels and skin
Not striated
Under involuntary control

Question 5

What are basic muscle properties

Answer 5

Electrical excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 6

What is excitability

Answer 6

Electrical singles
Chemical signals

Question 7

What is contractility

Answer 7

Contraction (shortening) produces force
Skeletal muscles attached to bone via tendons so contraction (shortening) produces movement

Question 8

What is extensibility

Answer 8

Can stretch/lengthen (to an extent) without damage

Question 9

What is elasticity

Answer 9

Returns to its orgianl length after contraction or extension
Greatest elasticity in smooth muscle

Question 10

What are some propreties of Fasicles

Answer 10

blood vessels that supply a msucle and the nervs are found in the fasica also help with force production by limiting the expansion of the muscle is surrounds during contraction therby increasing the force transferred into the bones

Question 11

What are the largest parts of the muscle to the smallest

Answer 11

Muscle
Epimysium (incases the fasical)
Fascicle- bundle of muscle fibers
Perimysiums- Incases muscle fibers
Muscle fibers
Endomysium- incases the myofibril
Myofibrial
Sacomere
Myosin
Actin

Question 12

What is concentric and Eccentric

Answer 12

Concentric is shortening mysoin and actin move together
Eccentric legenthening mysoin and actin move apart

Question 13

What does contralateral control mean

Answer 13

Left side of the brain controls right side and vise versa

Question 14

What is a single motor unit

Answer 14

One neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates several motor units are required to innervate and entire muscle

Question 15

What is the difference between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron

Answer 15

The upper motor neuron is white matter it connects the brain to the lower motor neuron sends an axon down and synapes to spinal cord and muscle

Question 16

Where do muscles attach into relation to the joint

Answer 16

The farther away from a joint that muscle attaches the greater its mechanical advantage and the more force it can produce at that joint

Question 17

Can muscles push

Answer 17

No they can only pull

Question 18

What is isometric contraction

Answer 18

By holding it you activate the muscle muscle contracts but does not shorten

Question 19

What is istonic contractions

Answer 19

Muscles can produce force while shortening lengthening or not moving at all

Question 20

What are muscles trying to do

Answer 20

Shortern

Question 21

What is concentric contraction

Answer 21

Muscles shorten during contraction

Question 22

What is eccentric contraction

Answer 22

Muscle lengthens during contraction create force opposite directions

Question 23

What is the agonist muscle doing

Answer 23

Primary drive of movement concentric

Question 24

What is the antagonist muscle doing

Answer 24

Controls slows or resists the antagonist (eccentric)

Question 25

What does the synergist muscle doing

Answer 25

Additional muscles that assit the agonist (concentric)

Question 26

In a bicep curl flexion what muscles are what

Answer 26

Biceps branchii is the synergist assiting it The branchials is the agonist the flexion The tricep is the antagonist

Question 27

What is muscle atrophy

Answer 27

Progressive muscle loss from aprox age 30 onward Less power and strength

Question 28

What is muscle mass replaced by

Answer 28

Fibrous connective tissue and adipose(fat)

Question 29

What is this cause by

Answer 29

Loss of motor neurons slower conduction speeds and loss of muscle fibers

Question 30

How does exercise benefit the muscles

Answer 30

Increases muscle mass hypertophy Increases neuron firing rate More effective and resilient to injury Increases bone density

Question 31

What is a strain

Answer 31

In the muscle

Question 32

What is a grade 1 strain

Answer 32

Streching or slight tearing Need rest

Question 33

What is a grade 2 strain

Answer 33

incomplete tear More pain might not heal perfectly

Question 34

What is a grade 3 strain

Answer 34

Complete tear Doesnt always require surgery Slow progressive thearpy

Question 35

How can physiotherapy help with strains

Answer 35

Can have equal or sometimes better outcomes to surgery for high-grade muscle strains