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Bones Flashcards

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1
Q

What consists of the axial skeleton

A
  • Skull and mandible
    Hyoid Bone
    Vertebral column
    Ribs
    Sternum
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2
Q

What consists of the appendicular Skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle (shoulder)
Pelvic gridle
Bones of upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

When does bone development begin and when does it end

A

Very early in utero and does not finish until around 20 years after birth

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4
Q

What is the primary ossification center

A

This is where a diaphyeseal blood vessel is and where the blood suply to the bone

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5
Q

What is the secondary ossification center

A

This is where it is divided by a plate and a second blood vessel starts to form

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6
Q

What divides the primary osfication center and the secondary ossification center

A

An epiphyseal plate

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7
Q

What happens to epiphyseal plates when you get older

A

The bones fuse together and you have epiphyseal lines

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8
Q

What are the two types of bone

A

Cortical bone which is compact bone and trabecular bone which is spongy bone

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9
Q

What is bone production

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

What is bone loss

A

Osteoclats

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11
Q

What gender grows more bone mass

A

Males

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12
Q

What does aging cause for bones

A

Loss of bone mass decrease in calcium
Increases brittelness
Decrease in Collagen syntheis

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13
Q

How can we alter bone absorption

A

Mechanical stress can promote bone growth however lacking these forces can contribute to bone loss

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14
Q

What are fractures that happen when you are younger

A

A green stick fracture its like a new stick it bends

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15
Q

What is an epiphyseal fracture and what age does it occur

A

In younger children and it is the seperation of the epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

What is the spiral fracture

A

It is usally when you have a twisted motion and the crack wraps around your bone like a corkscrew

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17
Q

What is a depressed fracture

A

When your skull gets caves in or bones that are flat or rounded this happens in older people

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18
Q

What is a compression fracture

A

This happens in older people because a bone is more brittle and the vertbrate compress when you fall

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19
Q

What is a comminuted fracture

A

This happens in older people when it breaks in three different spots

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20
Q

What is the point in long bones

A

Structure and limb mobility
eg Femur

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21
Q

What is the feature of short bones

A

Support and stability there smaller more compact

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22
Q

What is the features of flat bones

A

Protection and muscle attachment

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23
Q

What is the feature of seasmoid bones

A

Tendon protection and efficency

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24
Q

What are the functions of irregular bones

A

Muscle attachment and protection

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25
What is a facet
A small flat articular surface
26
What is condyle
Round articular promience at the end of a bone
27
Whats a Fossa
Cup like depression
28
What are articulations
2 bones that are touching to form joint
29
What are the 3 main parts of a bone
Head- rounded articular end Neck- constriction between head and shaft Shaft- main body of long bone
30
What is a process
Outgrowth or projection
31
What is a crest
A ridge where a long ridges where muscle attaches onto
32
What is a tubercle
This is a rounded projection usually smooth
33
What is an epicondyle
Projection above a condyle
34
What is a tuberosity
A rough projection this is a bump that is pulled out
35
What is a trochanter
Large blunt elevation
36
What are attachments
They are projections that serve as anchor points for muscle tenedons or fibrous ligaments
37
What is a line in the bone
This is a linear elevated ridge
38
What is a foramen
Opening or hole
39
What is a notch
A indentation on edge of bone
40
What is a groove
Elongated depression
41
What is meatus
A canal
42
What is fissure
Natural division or crevice cracks in the bone
43
What is Sinus
Cavity within back of the skull
44
What does joint articulation =
arthorsis a site where two skeletal elements come together or articulate
45
What are soild joints
Very stable and do not facilitate much if any movment
46
What are synovial joints
Specalized to allow for huge amounts of movment an
47
What are the two types of soild joints
Fibrous joins- very fixed Cartilaginous- are very stable but they typically allow for a small ammount of movment or felxibility
48
What are some examples of Fibrous joints
Syndesmosis Suture Gomphosis
49
What are some example of cartilaginous joints
Symphysis which is fibrocartilage and are pieces that exist Synchondrosis Hyaline cartialge this is bone fuses into cartilage
50
What are synovial joints used for
Specialized for large amounts of movement
51
What are some features of a a synovial joint
You have these pieces of Articular cartilage (Hyaline ) really smooth and can rock back and forth In the joint capusle which has the fibrous membrane and synovial membrane the synovial membrane And then the Synovial cavity which holds the synovial fluid
52
What are articular discs
Increase stability of joint
53
What is Bursae
Fluid filled sacs in the tissues to allow this to roll
54
What are tendionous synovial sheaths
Allow the tendons to move
55
What are biaxial movments of synovial joints
Saddle rock back and forth your thumb Condyloid Planar which is gliding
56
What are uniaxial joints
Pivot Hinge
57
What is multiaxial
Whole range of planes like your shoulder
58
What bone is your funny bone
The ulna
59
What is part of your pectoral girdle
Scapula Clavicle
60
What makes up your hand
Metacarpals Phalanges
61
What makes up the Pelvic girdle
Ilium Ischium Pubis
62
What are the parts of the Thigh
Femur Patella (knee cap)
63
What bones make up the leg
Tibia ( shin) Fibula
64
What are the parts of the foot
Metatarsals Phalanges
65
How many bones are there in the Skull
22
66
What are the two cranium and how many bones are there
Neurocranium holds the brain=8 Viscerocranium =14 Facial Skeleton jaw bone
67
What are the bones in the Neurocranium
Occipital Sphenoid Parietal (2) Ethmoid Frontal Temporal (2)
68
Where is the occipital bone
The back of the skull
69
Where is the sphenoid bone
Located behind the eyes looks like a bat
70
Where is the Ethmoid bone
Behind the nose
71
Where is the Frontal bone
At the front of the skull
72
Where is the temporal bones
Located near the ears two of them
73
Where is there Parietal Bones
Where the plam of the hand is near the ears and frontal
74
Where is the coronal suture
Its the frontal lobe to the tempeoral bone connect
75
Where is the Squamoid suture
Outlines the temporal bones
76
Where is the sagital suture
Connects at the front and goes down the middle and connects to the lambodid suture
76
Where is the lambdoid suture
Outlines the occiptal bone
77
What is the occipital protuberance
Bump at the back of the bone and attaches to the muscle
78
What are Fontanels
They are soft sopts in the neonatal skull pilable for childbirth and facilitate rapid brain growth
79
Where is the anterolateral fontanel
Its near the front where the eyes are
80
Where is the anterior font
At the top of the skull
81
Where is the posterolateral fontanel
Near the back on the side
82
Where is the posterior fontanel
Its a tiny spot on the very back of the head
83
Where is the maxilla bones
They are at the front side of the nose and the front part of the teeth
84
Where is the mandible
The jaw
85
Where are the zygomatic bones
Cheeckbones
86
Where is the nasal bones
At the top of the nose
87
Where is the lacrimal bones
Right by the eyes and nose
88
Where is the Inferio nasal conchae
Its behind the nose
89
Where is the Vomer bone
Connects the mouth and the nose
90
What is the chin called
Mental process
91
What is the thing that connects the mandible and the temporal bone
The condylar process
92
What is the ramus
Big part of the jaw thats after your teeth where the angle is
93
where is the tempormandibular joint
The tempormandibular joint connects your lower jaw to your skull
94
How many vertbrate is the spinal column made up of
24
95
What are the the 3 sections and how many vertbrate
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5)
96
How many vertrbate are in the Sacrum and Coccyx
Sacrum is 5 fused vertbrate Coccyz is 3-5 fused vertbrate
97
What seprates the vertbrate
Intervertebral discs
98
What sticks out and what curves in of the spine
The cervical lordosis curves in Thoracic kyphosis sticks out Lumbar lordosis goes is Sacral kyphosis sticks out
99
What is the Hyoid bone
This is an irregular floating bone
100
What are zygapophyseal joints
Slinding synovial joints sustaning the most movment
101
What is the different parts of the verterbrae
The verterbral body which is the disc The pedicles which is the feet of the arch Trasverse process which stick out for multiple attachments the Articular procsses The lamina which curves The spinous process stacking outwards of your spine
102
Where does the spinal cord go through
The verterbral foraman
103
What characterstics to cervical vertbrae have
Look like sid the sloth Bifid spinous process which is a split at the top Tranverse foramen for a structure to pass through
104
How can you get a stroke
A shift in the cervical vertebral can cause arteries to move and cause a stroke
105
What are characteristics of a thoracic vertebrate
Inferior ans uperior costal facet where ribs go Heart shaped body Looks like a giraffe
106
What are charaterstics of lumbar vertbrate
They have a costal process where rips were formed but they just stick out Looks like a moose
107
What are some chatacterstics of Special Vertbrate Atlas C1
Superior articular facet harder for the skull Anterior tubercule Facet for dens
108
What are some features of special vertbrate of Axis C2
Anterio articular facet Dens pointy upward piece looks like a tooth
109
What is the altanto-occipital joint for
Flexion and Extension
110
What is the Atlanto-axial joints for
Rotation
111
What are some features of Sacrum
Sacral promontory which is the point at the top Articular surface fuse together to make hip bones
112
What is the posteriaor sacral foramina
Where nerves exit
113
Where is the sacral canal
At the top the hole
114
Where is the sacral hiatus
At the bottom near the coccyz
115
Where is the promontory
At the top of the sacrum
116
What are the to facets of the vertbrate
Demi facets interacts with the head of the rib Costal facets
117
What joint is the ribs and the vertbrate connect
The costovertebral joint and attaches again at the costotransverse joint where the ribs articulate
118
What makes up the sternum
The Manubrium the Handle The body Xiphoid process like a tie
119
How many ribs do we have and how many true ribs
We have 1-12 ribs and 1-7 true ribs
120
Why are 8,9,10 false ribs
Join carilage before sternum lift the chest
121
What are 11 and 12 ribs
Floating irbs

Anatomy (8 decks)

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