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Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Outputs of the autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic- cranial and sacral outflow
Sympathetic- adrenal amplification
Enteric nervous system

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2
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on heart

A

Increases heart rate
Increases force of contractiom

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3
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on blood vessels

A

Constriction

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4
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on lungs

A

Bronchodilation

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5
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on GI

A

decreased motility
Sphincter contraction
Decreased secretion

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6
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on heart

A

Decreases heart rate
Decreases force of contraction

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7
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on blood vessels

A

Vasodilation

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8
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on lungs

A

Bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on GI

A

Increases motility
Sphincter relaxation
Increased secretions

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10
Q

When do autonomic fibres synapse

A

Fibres synapse once at a ganglion after the leave the CNS (2-neuron chain)
Motor control

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11
Q

When do somatic fibres synapse

A

Fibres do not synapse after they leave the CNS (single neuron from CNS to effector organ)

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12
Q

What does the somatic system innervate

A

Innervates skeletal muscle fibres, always stimulatory

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13
Q

What does the autonomic system innervate

A

Innervates smooth muscle , cardiac muscle and glands
Either stimulates or inhibits

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14
Q

Sacral outflow of parasympathetic

A

S1-S2

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15
Q

Parasympathetic in simple terms

A

Cranial nerves to head, thorax and neck
Sacral outflow to pelvic organs

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16
Q

Sympathetic in simple terms

A

Cranial nerves to eye
Sympathetic chain
- splanchnic nerves
Other ganglia
Post ganglionic fibres

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17
Q

Autonomic motor neuron

A

Preganglionic neuron= myelinated
Autonomic ganglion (ACh)
Postganglionic neuron= unmyelinated
Effectors (ACh or noradrenaline)

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18
Q

Functions of autonomic nervous system

A

Thermoregulation
Exercise
Digestion
Competition
Sexual function

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19
Q

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibres

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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20
Q

Sympathetic anatomy

A

White and grey rami communicates- sympathetic chain (T1-L2)
Splanchnic nerves to large thoraco-abdominal plexi

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21
Q

Sympathetic chain runs from

A

T1-L2

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22
Q

Function of enteric nervous system

A

Regulates intrinsic reflexes and integrative neural activity for motility, secretion, sensation and other key functions in the gut
There are intrinsic reflex circuits in the gut, dependent on coordinated serotonin signalling (5-HT)

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23
Q

Sympathetic receptor sub types - noradrenaline

A

Alpha : Alpha 1 and Alpha 2
Beta : beta 1,2,3

24
Q

Which receptor type causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2

25
Which receptor type causes vasodilation of blood vessels
Beta 2
26
Which receptor type causes tachycardia and increased contractility
Beta 1
27
Which receptor type causes increased contractility of heart
Alpha 1
28
Which receptor type causes relaxation of bronchi
Beta 2
29
Which receptor type causes aggregation of thrombocytes
Alpha 2
30
Which receptor type causes vasoconstriction in kidneys
Alpha 1 Alpha 2
31
Which receptor type causes renin release and inhibition tubular sodium reabsorption
Beta 1 Beta 2
32
Which receptor type causes inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes
Alpha 2
33
Which receptor type causes lipolysis in adipocytes
Beta 1,2,3
34
Acute primary ANS disorders
Pan-dysautonomia with neurological features
35
Chronic primary ANS disorders
Pure autonomic failure Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome) Autonomic failure with Parkinson’s disease
36
Name of receptor between preganglionic neurons and ganglion for ACh
Nicotinic receptor
37
Name of receptor following sympathetic postganglionic neuron
Adrenergic
38
Name of receptor following parasympathetic postganglionic neuron
Muscarinic receptor
39
Which receptor is common to both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Nicotinic receptors - preganglionic—->ganglion
40
Metabolic secondary ANS disorders
Diabetes mellitus Chronic renal failure Chronic liver disease Alcohol induced
41
Inflammatory secondary ANS disorders
Guilliain-Barre syndrome
42
Infections secondary ANS disorders
Bacterial: tetanus Parasitic: Chagas’ disease Viral: HIV
43
Neoplasia secondary ANS disorders
Brain tumours (especially of 3rd ventricle or posterior fossa)
44
Main brainstem nuclei involved with cardiovascular system
Nucleus tractus solitarius Nucleus ambiguus Dorsal vagal nucleus
45
Main symptoms of primary ANS disorders
Fainting - cannot raise blood pressure when standing (postural hypotension)
46
Non-cardiovascular ANS measurement
Pupillometry Sweat measurement Skin blood flow, thermoregulation Gastric acid secretion Sexual function
47
Cardiovascular disorders
Postural hypotension Supine hypertension Lability of blood pressure Paroxysmal hypertension Tachycardia Bradycardia
48
Sexual ANS disorders
Erectile failure Ejaculatory failure Retrograde ejaculation Priapism
49
Sudomotor ANS disorders
Hypo- or anhidrosis Hyperhidrosis Gustatory sweating Hypothermia Hyperpyrexia Heat intolerance
50
Alimentary ANS disorders
Gastric stasis Dumping syndromes Constipation Diarrhoea
51
ANS disorders of the eye
Pupillary abnormalities Ptosis Alachryma Abnormal lacrimation with food ingestion
52
Measuring cardiovascular function
Heart rate and blood pressure beat by beat
53
How to test blood pressure
Head-up Tilt table test Intra-arterial needle in radial artery Baro-reflex testing by phenylephrine test- baroreflex sensitivity (invasive) Baroreflex testing by ambulatory recording (non-invasive)
54
Baro-reflex testing- By Phenylephrine test
Measure R-R interval after iv pressor agent Phenylephrine- (PE)
55
Phenylephrine is a
Vasoconstrictor

Neuro (22 decks)

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