Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
List of receptors
A
Nicotinic, alpha, beta, dopamine, muscarinic
2
Q
Cholinergic effect
A
DUMBELLS Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Emesis Lacrimation Salivation Sweating
3
Q
Inhibits transporters (uptake of choline into the vesicles)
A
Hemicholiniums
4
Q
Inhibits transporter (uptake of acetylcholine)
A
Vesamicol
5
Q
Causes release of ACh (exocytosis)
A
Spider venom (alpha-latrotoxin)
6
Q
Blocks release of ACh (exocytosis)
A
Botulinum toxin
7
Q
Wrinkle tx
A
Botulinum toxin
8
Q
Other term for botulinum toxin
A
Botox
9
Q
Found in canned goods
A
Clostridium botulinum
10
Q
Enzyme for hydrolysis of ACh
A
Acetylcholinesterase
11
Q
T/F: choline has no more pharmacologic action
A
T
12
Q
Precursor amino acid in synthesis of dopa, adrenaline
A
Tyrosine
13
Q
Enzyme tyrosine-> dopa
A
Tyrosine hydroxylase
14
Q
DOPA means
A
Dihydroxyphenylalanine
15
Q
Enzyme: DOPA to dopamine
A
DOPA decarboxylase
16
Q
Inhibits tyroxine hydroxylase
A
Metyrosine
17
Q
Inhibits DoPA decarboxylase
A
Carbidopa
18
Q
Enzyme: dopamine to norepi
A
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
19
Q
Responsible for degradation of dopamine
A
Reserpine
20
Q
Enzyme: noradre to adrenaline
A
Phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase
21
Q
Used for diagnosis of too much catecholamines
A
Urine matabolites: vanillylmandelic acid, metanephrine, normetanephrine
22
Q
Inhibits reuptake of catecholamines
A
Cocaine, TCA
23
Q
Promotes release of cathecolamines from presynapse
A
Amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, tyramine, pseudoephedrine
24
Q
Inhibits release of cathecolamines
A
Guanethidine, bretylium
25
Ion that Causes release of NE
Calcium
26
Alpha 1 receptors
Blood vessels (vasoconstriction), pili erector muscles(contrac), pupils (mydriasis), sphincters GIT/GUT(closed)
27
Alpha 2
Presynaptic (modulates NE, decrease cathecolamine release), postsynaptic( relax smooth muscles, vasoconstric)
28
Beta 1
Heart increase rate, kidney (renin release)
29
Beta 2
Bronchus (dilation), skeletal muscles (contract), uterus (relax), pancrease (insulin release), metabolism ( glucogenesis)
30
Beta 3
Adipose tissue (lipolysis)
31
Dopamine 1
Blood vessels of renal, mesenteric, coronary (vasodilation therfore increase blood flow in kidney)
32
Dopamine 2
Cns
33
Types of adrenergic agonist
Catecholamines and noncatecholamines
34
Catecholamines with __ groups, __ metabolism, __ polarity
Catechol or 3,4-dihydroxybenzene group, COMT AND MAO metabolism, polar therefore difficult to penetrate CNS
35
Non-catecholamine, __ metabolism, __ polarity
Decrease metab therefore longer half life, increase lipid solubility therefore non polar
36
DOC: bronchospasm
Epinephrine
37
DOC: anaphylactic rxn
Epinephrine
38
1st line cardiac stimulant
Epinephrine
39
1st line anaphylaxis
Epi
40
1st line local vasoconstriction
Epi
41
1st line glaucoma
Epi
42
Beta 1 and 2 agonist
Isoproterenol
43
Tocolytics
Ritodrine, terbutaline, isoxsuprine
44
Partial beta 1 agonist
Penalterol
45
AE: orthostatic hypotension
Clonidine, methyldopa, guanabenz, guanfacine
46
Drug thAt causes false + in coombs text
Methyldopa
47
Causes withdrawal rebound hypertension
Clonidine
48
Alpha 1 agonist
Phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephidrine, methoxamine
49
Hypotension during surgery involving halothane anesthetics
Methoxamine
50
Usually combined with local anesthetics during hypotensive emergencies
Phenylephrine
51
Alpha 2 agonist
Clonidine, methyldopa, guanabenz, guanfacine, apraclonidine, brimonidine
52
For paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Phenylephrine, methoxamine
53
T/F methyldopa is a prodrug
True
54
Alpha 1 and 2 agonist
Oxymetazoline, xylometazoline
55
Short acting beta 2 agonist
Albuterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol, pirbuterol
56
Alpha 2 agonist with nasal decongestant effect
Clonidine
57
Alpha 2 agonist used in adhd
Clonidine, guanfacine
58
Alpha 2 agonist for glaucoma
Apraclonidine, brimonidine
59
Drug under dopamine 1 selective
Fenoldopam
60
Doc for acute asthma
Epinephrine
61
Doc for chronic asthma
Beta 2 agonist
62
Long acting beta agonist
Salmeterol, formoterol, bambuteril
63
T/F indirect acting sympathomimetics are non catecholamines
T
64
Can cause HTN in patients taking MAOI
Tyramine
65
Indirect acting sympathomimetics
Tyramine, amphetamine, metamphetamine, phenmetrazine, methylphenidate, pemoline, phentermine, modafinil
66
Phenmetrazine
Adhd
67
Methylphenidate
Adhd
68
Pemoline
Adhd
69
Phentermine
Adhd
70
Modafinil
Narcolepsy
71
Alkaloid from ma huang
Ephedrine
72
Mixed acting sympathomimetic
Ephedrine, metaraminol
73
Used in shock patients when infusion of norepi and dopa is not possible
Metaraminol
74
List of neurotransmitters
Ach, NE, Epi, Dopamine
75
Alpha 1 blockers
Prazosin, doxazosin, terzosin, trimazosin, alfuzosin
76
For BPH
Alpha 1 blockers
77
First dose syncope
Alpha 1 blockers
78
Indole alkaoid drug alpha 2 antagonist
Yohimbe
79
For persistent neonatal pulmonary HTN
Tolazoline
80
For impotence (penile injection)
Yohimbe
81
For vasospasm in raynaud's syndrome
Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
82
For HTN due to pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible), phentolamine(reversible)
83
CI of propronolol
Asthma and copd, due to bronchoconstriction
84
More potent than propranolol
Nadolol, one dose per day
85
For Life threatening vtach
Sotalol
86
Maintenance of sinus rhthym in patients with atrial fibrillation
Sotalol
87
Beta 1 and 2 blocker with action potential prolonging action
Sotalol
88
Beta 1 blockers
Bisoprolol, betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, acebutolol, alprenolol, metoprolol, nebivolol, celiprolol
89
For HTN with impaired pulmonary function
Beta 1 blockers
90
For diabetic HTN px with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents
Beta 1 blockers
91
Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (with bronchodilatory effects), with min carbs disturbance, with moderate bradycardia
Pindolol. Penbutolol, acebutalol. Carteolol,
92
Beta blockers with membrane stabilizing activity (can act as local anesthetic effects)
Pindolol, propranolol, betaxolol, labetalol, metoprolol, acebutolol
93
Mixed alpha, beta blocking effects
Labetalol, carvedilol, medroxalol, bucindolol
94
Alkaloid from rauwolfia serpentina
Reserpine
95
Indirect acting adrenergic blockers
Guanethidine, reserpine
96
__ bond of acetyl derivative and choline, hydrolyzed by: ___
Ester bond, cholinesterase
97
Prototype of beta blockers
Propranolol
98
Increase cardiac output with little change in the heart rate
Dobutamine
99
Choline esters, mixed M and Nicotinic
Acetylcholine, carbachol, methacoline (weak)
100
Choline ester, muscarinic only
Betanechol, metacholine
101
Muscle that causes miosis
Papillary constrictor muscles
102
Muscle that accomodates focus for near vision, facilitating outflow of aqueous humor to schlemn cannal
Ciliary muscles
103
Prototype cholinomimetics
Acetylcholine
104
Most potent cholinergic agonist
Acetylcholine
105
Indication of bethanechol
Bladder (urination,), bowel (diarrhea)
106
For increase intestianl motility after surgery
Bethanecol
107
T/F acetylcholine has limited therapeutic use
T bcoz rapid hydrolysis
108
For open angle glaucoma resistant to pilocarpine
Carbachol
109
For diagnosis of asthma
Methacholine (provocholine = provoke testing) possible cause ng bronchoconstriction
110
Alkaloid direct acting muscarinic
Pilocarpine, muscarine
111
Alkaloid directing acting nicotinic only
Nicotine, lobeline, varenicline
112
Alkaloid direct acting mixed muscarinic and nicotinic
Arecoline
113
Alakoid from pilocarpus sp.
Pilocarpine
114
Can cross bbb cholinomimetic
Pilocarpine
115
Pilocarpine dosage form
Open angle, use gel time release
| Closed angle, use drops
116
Doc for glaucoma cholinomimetic
Pilocarpine
117
Alkaloid from amanita muscaria
Muscarine
118
Where to find muscarine
Inocybe, clitocybe, omphalatus
119
The only irreversible indirect acting chlonergic agonist
Organophosphate
120
Thiophosphate prodrugs
Malathion, parathion
121
Active metabolites of malathion, parathion
Malaoxon, paraoxon
122
Nerve gases
Tabun, sarin, soman
123
Chemical warfare
Tabun, sarin, soman
124
Drugs under organophosphates
Isofluorophate, echothiophate, malathion, parathion, tabun, sarin, soman
125
Cholinergic crisis
Organophosphate toxicity
126
Antidote for organophosphate toxicity
Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM), atropine
127
Moa of organophosphate
Bind to AChE forming covalent phosphorus bond (phosphorylated enzyme)
Aging - breaking of oxygen-phosphorus bond, forming strenghtened phosphorus enzyme bond.
128
AChE enzyme reactivator
Pralidoxime chloride
129
Cholinesterase regenerator drug
Pralidoxime chloride
130
Physiological antagonist for cholinergic syndrome
Atropine
131
Drugs under carbamates
Physostigmine (eserine), neostigmine, pyridostigmine(mestinon), carbyl, propoxur, aldicarb
132
Alkaloid from physotigma venenosum
Physostigmine
133
Used in tensilon test, dosage, observation
Esdrophonium, initial dose (2mg), if no rxn after 45sec additional 8mg
Onservation: i,prove,emt im muscle strength that last for 5 mins.
+: movement of muscle (MG)
-: further weakening of muscle
134
Test in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Tensilon test
135
Short acting indirect cholinomimetics
Edrophonium
136
Intermediate to long indirect cholinomimetics
Neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine, ambemonium, demecarium
137
Very long acting indirect cholinomimetics
Organophosphates, echothiophate
138
Centrally acting indirect cholinomimetics
Donepezil (benzylpiperidine), tacrine (acridine), rivastigmine (carbamate), galantamine (phenanthrene)
139
Other name for atropine
Hyoscyamine
140
Prototype muscarinic antagonist
Atropine
141
Used to treat acute mushroom poisoning
Atropine
142
Muscarinic antagonist
Atropine, scopolamine, homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide, ipratoprium bromide, pirenzepine, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, oxybutynin, dicyclomine, propantheline
143
Other drugs that have anticholinergic effects
Antihistamine, antipsychotica, TCA, opiods
144
Other name for scopolamine
Hyoscine
145
The only M1 blocker
Pirenzepine, telenzepine
146
Prevents motion sickness trandermal
Scopolamine
147
Blocks short term memory
Scopolamine
148
Used to produce sedation amnesia used in obstetrics with morphine
Scopolamine
149
Competitive non depolarizing blockers neuromuscular (nicotinic)
Curare derivatives ( vecuronium, atracurium, pancuronium, tubocurarine, mivacurium, rocuronium, pipecuronium, doxacurium)
150
Prototype neuromuscular blocker
Tubocurarine
151
Adjunct to anesthesia providing muscle relaxant
Vecuronium
152
Order of paralysis
Eyes, face, fingers
Limbs, neck, trunk
Intercostal and diaphragm
153
No histamine release curare but with vagolytic effect
Pancuronium
154
Prevents fasciculations associated with succinylcholine
Tubocurarine
155
Adjunct to anesthesia
Pipecuronium, doxacurium
156
Drug interactions of neuromuscular blockers
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics
Aminoglycosides antibiotics
Ca channel blockers
157
Competitive depolarazing neuromuscular blocker
Succinylcholine
158
Useful when rapid endotracheal intubation is required during induction of anesthesia
Succinylcholine
159
AE of succinylcholine
Malignant hyperthermia
160
Tx for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
161
Alice in wonderland
Mad as a hatter - hallucinations, delirium
Blind as a bat - mydriasis and cyclopegia (blurring of vision)
Dry as a bone - decrease secretions
Red as a beet - tachycardia, vasodilation, flushing
Hot as a hare - fever, hyperthermia
162
Moa of dantrolene
Block calcium release
163
Ganglionic blockers
Nicotine, hexamethonium, mecamylamine, trimethaphan
164
Was introduced clinically as the first drug effective for mngt of hyptertension
Hexamethonium
165
For smoking cessation theraphy
Nicotine
166
Nicotine moa
Low dose, sympa (increase bp)
| High dose, para (decrease bp)
167
Tx of HTN caused by pulmonary edema or dissecting aortic aneurysm
Trimethaphan
