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Neuroscience Deja Review USMLE 1 > Autonomic Nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic effect on Eyes

A

Pupillary dilation (α1)

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2
Q

Sympathetic effect on Salivary glands

A

Increased thick, viscous secretions

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3
Q

Sympathetic effect on Bronchioles

A

Bronchodilation (β2), ↑ secretions

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4
Q

Sympathetic effect on Heart

A

Tachycardia (β1), ↑ contractility (β1), ↑ AV nodal conduction (β1)

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5
Q

Sympathetic effect on Vascular smooth muscle

A

Vasoconstriction of cutaneous mucous membrane and splanchnic vessels (α1); vasodilation in skeletal muscle (β2)

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6
Q

Sympathetic effect on Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

↓ Muscle motility and tone (β2), contraction of sphincters (α1)

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7
Q

Sympathetic effect on Male sex organs

A

Ejaculation (α2)

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8
Q

Sympathetic effect on Uterus

A

Relaxation (β2), contraction (α1)

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9
Q

Sympathetic effect on Bladder and ureters

A

Relaxation of detrusor (β2) contraction of trigone and sphincter (α1)

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10
Q

Sympathetic effect on Sweat glands

A

↑ Secretions (muscarinic)

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11
Q

Sympathetic effect on Kidneys

A

↑ Renin secretion

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12
Q

Sympathetic effect on Adipocytes

A

↑ Lipolysis (β1)

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13
Q

Sympathetic effect on Pancreas

A

↓ Insulin secretion (α2), ↑ insulin secretion (β2)

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14
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Eyes

A

Pupillary constriction

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15
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Bronchioles

A

Bronchoconstriction

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16
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Heart

A

Bradycardia, ↓ contractility, ↓ AV nodal conduction

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17
Q

Parasympathetic effect on GI tract

A

↑ Motility, relaxation of sphincters

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18
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Male sex organs

A

Erection

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19
Q

Parasympathetic effect on Bladder and ureters

A

Contraction of detrusor, relaxation of sphincters and trigone

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20
Q

What type of cholinergic receptor mediates all of the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Muscarinic

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21
Q

What type of motor fiber innervates extrafusal muscle fibers?

A

A-alpha (A-α)

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22
Q

What type of motor fiber innervates intrafusal muscle fibers?

A

A-gamma (A-γ)

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23
Q

What is the function of Ia (A-α) fibers

A

Proprioception, muscle spindles

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24
Q

What is the function of Ib fibers

A

Proprioception, Golgi tendon organs

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25
What is the function of II (A-β) fibers
Touch, pressure, and vibration; secondary afferents of muscle spindles
26
What is the function of III (A-δ) fibers
Touch, pressure, fast pain, and temperature
27
What is the function of IV (c) fibers
Slow pain and temperature (unmyelinated)
28
What types of sensory fibers have the largest diameter and consequently the fastest conduction velocity?
Ia and Ib
29
What type of motor fibers have the largest diameter and consequently the fastest conduction velocity?
A-α
30
What type of sensory fibers have the smallest diameter and consequently the slowest conduction velocity?
C
31
What is the electrochemical effect of an inward Na+ current on a sensory fiber?
Depolarization
32
What is the function of the Sensory receptor
Translates environmental stimulus into an electrical impulse
33
What is the function of the First-order neuron
Carries impulse from sensory receptor into central nervous system (CNS)
34
What is the function of the Second-order neuron
Carries impulse from primary neuron to the thalamus
35
What is the function of the Third-order neuron
Carries impulse from second-order neuron to the cerebral cortex
36
What is the function of the Fourth-order neuron
Carries impulses from third-order neurons to appropriate somatosensory area of cerebral cortex
37
Onion-like subcutaneous receptors that respond to vibration and tapping
Pacinian corpuscle
38
Primary receptors of the dermal papillae that mediate two-point tactile discrimination
Meissner corpuscle
39
Encapsulated receptor that responds to pressure
Ruffini corpuscle
40
Disc-shaped touch receptor of the deep dermis
Merkel tactile disc
41
Rods or cones? Sensitive to low-intensity light
Rods
42
Rods or cones? Sensitive to high-intensity light
Cones
43
Rods or cones? Receptor used primarily for night vision
Rods
44
Rods or cones? Receptor used primarily for day vision
Cones
45
Rods or cones? Present in fovea
Cones
46
Rods or cones? High visual acuity
Cones
47
Rods or cones? Receptor which adjusts to low light conditions most rapidly
Cones
48
Rods or cones? Receptor capable of color vision
Cones
49
Muscle sensor that detects static and dynamic changes in muscle length
Muscle spindles
50
Muscle sensor that detects muscle tension
Golgi tendon organs
51
Muscle sensor that detects vibration
Pacinian corpuscles
52
Muscle sensor that detects pain
Free nerve endings
53
What type of motoneuron is responsible for ensuring that a muscle will respond appropriately throughout contraction, despite changes in tension?
γ-Motoneurons
54
What type of muscle reflex, mediated by type Ia afferent fibers, causes muscle contraction in response to muscle stretch?
Stretch or myotatic reflex
55
What type of muscle reflex, mediated by type Ib afferent fibers, causes muscle relaxation in response to muscle contraction?
Golgi tendon reflex
56
What type of muscle reflex, mediated by types II, III, and IV afferent fibers, causes ipsilateral flexion and contralateral extension?
Flexor withdrawal reflex
57
What are the components of the afferent limb of a myotatic reflex arc?
Muscle spindle receptor → Ia fiber → dorsal root ganglion
58
What comprises the efferent limb of a myotatic reflex arc?
Ventral motor neuron
59
Muscle group and spinal level of Ankle jerk
Gastrocnemius (S1)
60
Muscle group and spinal level of Knee jerk
Quadriceps (L2-L4)
61
Muscle group and spinal level of Biceps jerk Biceps
(C5-C6)
62
Muscle group and spinal level of Forearm jerk
Brachioradialis (C5-C6)
63
Muscle group and spinal level of Triceps jerk
Triceps (C7-C8)
64
What type of posturing is caused by a transecting lesion above the level of the medulla but below the midbrain?
Decerebrate rigidity
65
What type of posturing is caused by a transecting lesion above the level of the red nucleus (midbrain)?
Decorticate rigidity
66
What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?
1. Granular layer (innermost) 2. Purkinje layer (middle) 3. Molecular layer (outermost)
67
Which is the major NT of cerebellar Purkinje cells?
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Note: The output of Purkinje cells is always inhibitory.

Neuroscience Deja Review USMLE 1 (12 decks)

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