Axial Skeleton

Question 1

How many bones are in the axial sskeleton?

Answer 1

80

Question 2

Where does the axial skeleton form?

Answer 2

Along the long axis of the body (up and down)

Question 3

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 3

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Question 4

What are sutures?

Answer 4

Interlocking joints that firmly unite all the bones of the adult skull

Question 5

What do the suture lines look like?

Answer 5

They have a saw tooth or serrated appearance

Question 6

What are the four major skull sutures?

Answer 6

Coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid

Question 7

What is the frontal bone?

Answer 7

The forehead, the bony projection under the eyebrows, the superior part of each eye’s orbit

Question 8

What is the foramen magnum and what does it mean?

Answer 8

The base of the occipital bone, meaning large hole

Question 9

Where is the foramen magnum?

Answer 9

Surrounds the lower part of the brain

Question 10

What does the foramen magnum do?

Answer 10

Allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain

Question 11

How do the occipital condyles work?

Answer 11

Rocker like and lateral (on each side of) to the foramen

Question 12

Where are the occipital condyles located?

Answer 12

They rest on the vertebra of the spinal column

Question 13

What is the sphenoid bone?

Answer 13

Has a butterfly shape that spans the width of the skull

Question 14

What does the sphenoid bone do?

Answer 14

Forms part of the floor of the cranial cavity

Question 15

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 15

A small depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone

Question 16

What is the sella turcica also called?

Answer 16

Turk’s saddle

Question 17

What does the sella turcica do?

Answer 17

It holds the pituitary gland in place

Question 18

What is the crista galli latin for?

Answer 18

Cock’s comb

Question 19

What does the crista galli look like?

Answer 19

The outer most covering of the brain attaches to this projection

Question 20

What does the crista galli look like?

Answer 20

It projects from its superior surface

Question 21

What are the cribiform plates?

Answer 21

The small holes on each side of the crista galli

Question 22

What do the cribiform plates do?

Answer 22

Allow nerve fibers carrying impulses from the olfactory (smell) receptors of the nose to reach the brain

Question 23

How many bones comprise the facial bone?

Answer 23

14

Question 24

How many bones in the facial bone are paired?

Answer 24

12

Question 25

What are the two single bones of the face?

Answer 25

The mandible and the vomer

Question 26

What do the two maxillae do?

Answer 26

Fuse together to form the upper jaw

Question 27

What bones join the maxillae and what do they make the maxillae?

Answer 27

All facial bones except for the mandible, the main bone of the face

Question 28

What does the maxillae carry and where?

Answer 28

The upper teeth in the aveolar margin

Question 29

Where are the paired palatine bones located?

Answer 29

They lie posterior to the palatine processes of the maxillae

Question 30

What do the palatine bones form?

Answer 30

The posterior part of the hard palate

Question 31

What is a cleft palate?

Answer 31

Failure of these or the palatine processes to fuse medially results in a cleft palate

Question 32

What are the nasal bones?

Answer 32

Small rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose

Question 33

What is the inferior conchae?

Answer 33

Thin curved bones projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Question 34

What is the inferior conchae a part of?

Answer 34

The ethmoid bone

Question 35

What is the hyoid bone not a part of?

Answer 35

The skull

Question 36

What is the hyoid bone closely related to?

Answer 36

The mandible and the temporal bones

Question 37

What does the hyoid bone do?

Answer 37

Doesn't articulate with any other bones

Question 38

During fetal development, what does the spine consist of?

Answer 38

33 separate bones called vertebrae

Question 39

What do the vertebrae do after birth?

Answer 39

Nine of these vertebrae will fuse forming the two composite bones, the sacrum and the coccyx

Question 40

What do the sacrum and coccyx do?

Answer 40

They construct the inferior portion of the vertebral column

Question 41

What are the intervertebral discs?

Answer 41

Pads of flexible fibrocartilage which separate the single vertebrae

Question 42

What do the intervertebral discs do?

Answer 42

The discs along the s shaped structure of the vertebral column work together to prevent shock to the head while walking and running, make the body trunk flexible

Question 43

What does the body or centrum of the vertebrae look like?

Answer 43

Disc like

Question 44

What does the body or centrum of the vertebrae do?

Answer 44

It is the weight bearing part of the vertebrae facing anteriorly in the vertebral column

Question 45

What is the vertebral arch?

Answer 45

An arch formed from the joining of all posterior extentions

Question 46

What forms the vertebral body?

Answer 46

The laminae and the pedicles

Question 47

What is the vertebral foramen?

Answer 47

Canal through which the spinal cord passes

Question 48

What are the transverse processes?

Answer 48

Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

Question 49

What do the cervical vertebrae form?

Answer 49

The neck region of the spine

Question 50

What are the first two vertebrae?

Answer 50

C1 (the atlas) and C2 (the axis)

Question 51

What does the atlas do?

Answer 51

Recieves the occipital condyles of the skull

Question 52

What does the atlas allow for?

Answer 52

To nod "yes"

Question 53

What does the axis do?

Answer 53

Acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and skull

Question 54

The thoracic vertebrae are all...

Answer 54

typical and larger than the cervical vertebrae

Question 55

What do the thoracic vertebrae look like?

Answer 55

The body is somewhat heart shaped

Question 56

What do the thoracic vertebrae have?

Answer 56

Two costal demifacets (articulating surfaces) on each side

Question 57

What do the costal demifacets of the thoracic vertebrae do?

Answer 57

Recieve the heads of the ribs

Question 58

What do the lumbar vertebrae look like?

Answer 58

Have massive block like bodies, short, hatchet shaped spinous processes

Question 59

What do the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae do?

Answer 59

Make them look like a moose head from the lateral aspect

Question 60

What do the alae of the sacrum look like?

Answer 60

Wing like in shape

Question 61

What do the alae of the sacrum do?

Answer 61

Articulates laterally with the hip bones, forming the sacroiliac joints

Question 62

What does the sacrum do?

Answer 62

Forms the posterior wall of the pelvis

Question 63

What is the sacral canal?

Answer 63

The vertebral canal continuing inside the sacrum

Question 64

What is the coccyx?

Answer 64

The human "tailbone", a remnant of the tail that other vertebrae animals have

Question 65

What does the coccyx consist of?

Answer 65

Formed from the fusion of three to five tiny, irregular shaped vertebrae

Question 66

What kind of bone is the sternum?

Answer 66

A typical flat bone

Question 67

What does the sternum consist of?

Answer 67

The result of the fusion of three bones- the manubrium, the body, the xiphoid process

Question 68

What is the sternum attached to?

Answer 68

The first seven pairs of the ribs

Question 69

What is the jugular notch?

Answer 69

The concave upper border of the manubrium

Question 70

The jugular notch can be...

Answer 70

palpated (examined by touch) easily

Question 71

What are the true ribs and what do they do?

Answer 71

The first seven pairs, they attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage

Question 72

What are false ribs and what do they do?

Answer 72

The next five pairs, either attach indirectly to the sternum or are not attached to the sternum at all

Question 73

What are the floating ribs?

Answer 73

The last two pairs of false ribs that do not attach to the sternum

Question 74

What do the intercostal spaces between the ribs do?

Answer 74

Are filled with intercostal muscles that aid in breathing