Heart 1

Question 1

What is the major function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Transportation

Question 2

What does blood do in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

It is the transport vehicle that carries oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and many other substances vital for the body homeostasis to and from the cells

Question 3

What makes blood move around the body?

Answer 3

Provided by the beating heart

Question 4

How big is the human heart and how much does it weigh?

Answer 4

Adult fist and weighs less than a pound

Question 5

Where is the heart located?

Answer 5

In the thorax and is flanked on each side by the lungs

Question 6

What is the position of the heart?

Answer 6

Its more pointed apex is directed towards the left hip and rests on the diaphragm

Question 7

The apex of the heart is approximately at the level of __________, and what pulse is measured there?

Answer 7

The fifth intercostal space, the apical post

Question 8

What is the base of the heart also called?

Answer 8

The broader posterosuperior aspect

Question 9

Where is the base of the heart and what emerge from it?

Answer 9

Points towards the right shoulder and lies beneath the second rib, the great blood vessels of the body

Question 10

What is the pericardium and what is it made out of?

Answer 10

Encloses the heart, double sac of serous membrane

Question 11

What is the epicardium also called?

Answer 11

Visceral pericardium

Question 12

What is the epicardium and what is it a part of?

Answer 12

It is thin and tightly hugs the external surface of the heart, the heart wall

Question 13

What is serous fluid?

Answer 13

Slippery lubricating fluid

Question 14

What is serous fluid produced by?

Answer 14

The serous pericardial membranes

Question 15

What does the serous fluid do?

Answer 15

Allows the heart to beat easily in a relatively frictionless environment as the pericardial layers slide smoothly across each other

Question 16

What is pericarditis?

Answer 16

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 17

What is pericarditis caused by?

Answer 17

A decrease in the amount of serous fluid

Question 18

What does pericarditis cause?

Answer 18

The pericardial layers bind and stick to each other, resulting in painful adhesions that interfere with heart movements

Question 19

What does the myocardium consist of thick bundles of?

Answer 19

Cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ring like arrangements

Question 20

What layer of the heart contracts?

Answer 20

Myocardium

Question 21

What is the endocardium?

Answer 21

A thin glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers

Question 22

What else does the endocardium also cover?

Answer 22

The linings of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart

Question 23

What is the septum that divides the heart longitudinally?

Answer 23

The interventricular or interatrial septum (depending on which chamber it is seprarting)

Question 24

What do the pulmonary veins do?

Answer 24

Drains oxygen rich blood from the lungs and returns it to the left side of the heart

Question 25

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Answer 25

4

Question 26

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 26

Circulation from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

Question 27

What does pulmonary circulation do?

Answer 27

It caries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it back to the heart

Question 28

WHat is systemic circulation?

Answer 28

The second circuit, from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart

Question 29

What does systemic circulation do?

Answer 29

It supplies oxygen and nutrient rich blood to all body organs

Question 30

Which ventricle walls are thicker and stronger?

Answer 30

Left

Question 31

Why are the left ventricle walls thicker?

Answer 31

It pumps blood over a much longer pathway through the body

Question 32

How many valves is the heart equipped with?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

What do the heart valves do?

Answer 33

Allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers

Question 34

What is the mitral valve?

Answer 34

Bicuspid

Question 35

What does the mitral valve consist of?

Answer 35

Two cusps or flaps of endocardium

Question 36

How many cusps does the tricuspid have?

Answer 36

3

Question 37

What are the AV valves?

Answer 37

Separates the Atria from the Ventricle (tricuspid and bicuspid)

Question 38

What are the chordae tendineae?

Answer 38

Tiny white cords which anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles

Question 39

What are the chordae tendineae sometimes called?

Answer 39

Heart strings

Question 40

What are the semilunar valves?

Answer 40

Guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.

Question 41

How many cusps do semilunar valves have?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

When do each set of valves operate at?

Answer 42

Different times

Question 43

When are the AV valves open and closed?

Answer 43

Open during heart relaxation and closed when the ventricles are contracting

Question 44

What does the blood contained in the heart not nourish?

Answer 44

The myocardium

Question 45

What blood supply nourishes the layers of the heart?

Answer 45

From the right and left coronary arteries

Question 46

What does the coronary sinus do?

Answer 46

The myocardium is drained here by several cardiac veins and empties into the right atrium