Joints

Question 1

What is a joint formed by?

Answer 1

Every bone in the human body forms a joint with at least one other bone

Question 2

What is the one bone that doesn’t have a joint?

Answer 2

The hyoid bone of the neck

Question 3

What is the functional classification of joints?

Answer 3

It focuses on the amount of movement allowed by the joint

Question 4

What are synarthroses?

Answer 4

Immovable joints

Question 5

What are Amphiarthroses?

Answer 5

slightly movable joints

Question 6

What are Diarthroses?

Answer 6

freely movable joints

Question 7

What are fibrous joints and an example of them

Answer 7

The bones are united by a fibrous tissue, the sutures of the skull

Question 8

What are synovial joints?

Answer 8

Those in which the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Question 9

Synovial joints are all…

Answer 9

freely movable

Question 10

What are the 4 distinguishing features of synovial joints?

Answer 10

Articulating cartilage, fibrous articular capsule, joint cavity, and reinforcing ligaments

Question 11

What is the articulating cartilage in the synovial joints?

Answer 11

A type of cartilage which covers the ends of the bones forming the joints

Question 12

What is the fibrous articular cartilage in the synovial joints?

Answer 12

The joint surfaces are enclosed by a sleeve or capsule of fibrous connective tissue

Question 13

What is the fibrous articular cartilage lined with? Why is it called that?

Answer 13

A smooth synovial membrane, it is the reason these joints are called synovial joints

Question 14

What is the bursae?

Answer 14

A flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid

Question 15

Where are the bursae located?

Answer 15

Where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

Question 16

What is the tendon sheath?

Answer 16

An elongated bursa which wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction

Question 17

What does the tendon sheath act like?

Answer 17

A bun around a hotdog

Question 18

What kind of movement do plane joints have?

Answer 18

Gliding or slipping

Question 19

What kind of axial is plane?

Answer 19

Non axial- does not rotate around an axis

Question 20

How are plane joints shaped?

Answer 20

The articulating surfaces are flat

Question 21

Where are plane joints found?

Answer 21

The intercarpal joints of the wrist and the intertarsal joints of the ankle

Question 22

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 22

Is the type of joint where the cylindrical end of one bone fits through the trough-shaped surface of another bone

Question 23

How do hinge joints work?

Answer 23

Angular movement is allowed in just one plane, like a mechanical hinge

Question 24

Where are hinge joints located?

Answer 24

elbow, ankle, and between the phalanges of the fingers

Question 25

What is the pivot joint?

Answer 25

The rounded end of the bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone (and possibly ligaments)

Question 26

What kind of joints are pivot joints? And why?

Answer 26

Uniaxial because the rotating bone can only turn around its long axis

Question 27

Where is the pivot joint located?

Answer 27

The joint between the atlas and the dens of the axis

Question 28

What is the condyloid joint?

Answer 28

Forms when the egg shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another bone

Question 29

How do condyloid joints work?

Answer 29

They allow the moving bone to travel from side to side and also back and forth

Question 30

What kind of axial are the Condyloid joints and why?

Answer 30

Biaxial because movement occurs around two joints

Question 31

Where are condyloid joints found?

Answer 31

The joints of the knuckles

Question 32

What are the saddle joints?

Answer 32

When each articular surface has both convex and concave areas, like a saddle

Question 33

What kind of axial are saddle joints?

Answer 33

Biaxial, same as the condyloid

Question 34

Where are the saddle joints found?

Answer 34

The carpometacarpal joints of the thumb

Question 35

What are ball and socket joints?

Answer 35

Has the spherical head of one bone fitting into a round socket in another

Question 36

What kind of axial are ball and socket joints and what does it do?

Answer 36

Multiaxial, allow movement in all axes including rotation

Question 37

What are ball and socket joints compared to the rest of the synovial joints?

Answer 37

They are freely movable

Question 38

Where are ball and socket joints found?

Answer 38

The hips and shoulders

Question 39

What are sprains?

Answer 39

Result when ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn

Question 40

What are the common sprain sites of the human body?

Answer 40

Lumbar region of the spine, ankle, and knee

Question 41

What are dislocations also called?

Answer 41

Luxation

Question 42

How do dislocations happen?

Answer 42

They occur when bones are forced out of alignment

Question 43

What are dislocations usually accompanied by?

Answer 43

Sprains, inflammation, and and joint immobilization

Question 44

How do dislocations happen?

Answer 44

They may result from serious falls and are common contact sport injuries

Question 45

What are the most common cartilage injuries?

Answer 45

They involve the tearing of the knee menisci

Question 46

What is the menisci?

Answer 46

Semilunar cartilage pad

Question 47

Cartilage is...

Answer 47

Avascular

Question 48

Why is cartilage being avascular significant?

Answer 48

Rarely can obtain sufficient nourishment to repair itself, thus it usually stays torn

Question 49

How is cartilage repaired?

Answer 49

Through arthroscopic surgery

Question 50

What is arthroscopic surgery?

Answer 50

A common procedure performed by physicians to move the central (avascular) part of the damaged cartilage

Question 51

How are arthroscopic procedures done?

Answer 51

Insertion of fluid, arthroscope, and instruments through portals

Question 52

What is bursitis?

Answer 52

The inflammation of a bursa

Question 53

How is bursitis caused?

Answer 53

By a blow or friction

Question 54

What is housemaid's knee or water on the knee?

Answer 54

Falling on one's knee may result in a painful bursitis of the prepatellar bursa

Question 55

How is student's elbow or olecranon bursitis caused?

Answer 55

By prolonged leaning on one's elbow damaging the bursa close to the olecranon process

Question 55

What is tendonitis?

Answer 55

Inflammation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse

Question 56

What are the symptoms of tendonitis and what are they similar to?

Answer 56

Pain and swelling, bursitis

Question 57

What is the treatment for tendonitis?

Answer 57

Rest, ice, and anti inflammatory drugs

Question 58

How many different types of arthritis are there?

Answer 58

Over 100 different types of degenerarive diseases that damage the joints

Question 59

How many people suffer from arthritis?

Answer 59

One out of seven americans, it is the most widespread crippling disease in the United States

Question 60

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 60

The most common chronic (long term) arthritis

Question 61

What is osteoarthritis also called?

Answer 61

Wear and tear arthritis

Question 62

What kind of people first start noticing osteoarthritis?

Answer 62

It is most prevalent in the aged and is probably related to the normal aging process

Question 63

Osteoarthritis is not always...

Answer 63

Inflammatory

Question 64

What triggers rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 64

The initial trigger of this is unknown, but the streptococcus bacterium and viruses have been suspected

Question 65

What is gout or gouty arthritis?

Answer 65

When uric acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle shaped crystals in the soft tissue

Question 66

What is uric acid?

Answer 66

A normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism

Question 67

What is gout also called and why?

Answer 67

Rich man's disease because of the types of foods that can cause it