Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Structure/function 1 lab > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

(123 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

external occipital proturbance

A
  • attachment site for trapezius muscle

- nunchal ligament attaches her and helps hold skull erect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

occipital condyles

A

-articulate with C1 (atlas) allowing head to nod or move side to side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

foramen magnum

A
  • admits spinal cord to cranial cavity

- blood vessels travel through to carry blood to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

-for passage of nerve that innervates tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

styloid process

A

-attachment for muscle of tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mastoid process

A

-attachment site for muscle moving skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mandibular fossa

A

-depression that is the articulation site for mandibular condyle of mandible (jaw)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

zygomatic process

A

-projection that extends anteriorly to from zygomatic arch with a projection of zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

zygomatic arch

A

-articulation between temporal and zygomatic bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

-opening to ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

-allows passage of nerve carrying signals for hearing and balance from inner ear to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

carotid canal

A

-passage for internal carotid artery- major blood supply to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

jugular foramen

A
  • blood from brain drains through it and into jugular vein

- 3 nerves also pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

occipital bone features (4)

A
  1. ) external occipital proturbance
  2. ) occipital condyles
  3. ) foramen magnum
  4. ) hypoglossal cana
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

temporal bone features (10)

A
  1. ) styloid process
  2. ) mastoid process
  3. ) mandibular fossa
  4. ) zygomatic process
  5. ) zygomatic arch
  6. ) squamous part
  7. ) internal/external acoustic meatus
  8. ) petrous part
  9. ) carotid canal
  10. ) jugular foramen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sphenoid bone features (8)

A
  1. ) superior orbital fissures
  2. ) sella turcica
  3. ) greater/lesser wings
  4. ) pterygoid processes (medial/lateral)
  5. ) optic foramen
  6. ) foramen ovale
  7. ) foramen spinosum
  8. ) foramen rotundum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

superior orbital fissures

A
  • nerves and blood vessels pass thru to supply eye, muscles that control the eye, and lacrimal (tear) glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sell turcica

A
  • “turkish saddle”

- depression that houses pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pterygoid processes (medial/lateral)

A

-attachment sites for some of the muscle that move mandible (jaw)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ethmoid bone features (4)

A
  1. ) cribriform plate
  2. ) perpendicular plate
  3. ) crista galli
  4. ) middle and superior nasal conchae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cribriform plate

A
  • perforated part of bone located on either side of crista galli
  • provides bed for olfactory bulbs
  • location of foamina for olfactory nerve fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

perpendicular plte

A

-forms superior midline projection to which the falx cerebri attaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

falx cerebri

A

-part of dura mater (fibrous material surrounding brain) that separates left and right hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

middle and superior nasal conchae

A

-increase surface area of nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
maxillae features (2)
1. ) alveolar processes | 2. ) infraorbital foramen
26
infraorbital foramen
-provides passage for a blood vessel to the face and a nerve that receives sensation from nasal region and cheek
27
mandible features (9)
1. ) body 2. ) ramus 3. ) angle 4. ) coronoid process 5. ) condyloid process (mandibular condyles) 6. ) mental foramen 7. ) mandibular foramen 8. ) alveolar processes 9. ) mental protuberance
28
angle
-insertion site for masseter- muscle of mastication
29
coronoid process
-site of attachment for temporalis muscle- moves mandible up and down when you chew
30
condyloid process (mandibular condyles)
-articulates with madibular fossa of temporal bone
31
mental foramen
-passage fro nerve and blood vessels that supply lower teeth
32
lacrimal bone features
-nasolacrimal canal
33
cranial fossae at base of brain (3)
1. ) anterior 2. ) middle 3. ) posterior
34
skull sutures (4)
1. ) coronal 2. ) sagittal 3. ) lambdoid 4. ) squamous * synarthrosis (fibrous) joints
35
hyoid bone
- does NOT articulate with any other bone - suspended like a hammock from styloid processes of skull, mandible, and thyroid (Adam's Apple), manubrium, and scapulae by muscles and ligaments - serves as attachment site for muscle - helps keep airway open
36
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
- synovial joint - has lateral and sphenomandibular (medial) ligaments - condyle can pop out of fossa and slip forward (put back by pressing down on molars and using mandible posteriorly) - variety of movements
37
TMJ as synovial joint
- articular surfaces are covered with fibrocartilage (not hyaline) - modified hinge joint - joint capsule divided by articular disc, forming 2 SEPARATE joint cavities - covered by thing, loose, synovial capsule (allows for movement)
38
lateral ligament TMJ
- prevents posterior displacement of mandible | - prevents the condylar process from being driven upward and fracturing the base of the skull if jaw receives hard blow
39
TMJ movements
- depression - elevation - protraction - retraction - lateral gliding
40
muscles involved in facial expression (13)
1. ) frontalis 2. ) orbicularis oculi 3. ) corrugator supercilii 4. ) nasalis 5. ) orbicularis oris 6. ) levator labii sperioris 7. ) levator anguli oris 8. ) zygomaticus major 9. ) zygomaticus minor 10. ) depressor anguli oris 11. ) mentalis 12. ) buccinator 13) platysma
41
frontalis
- elevates eyebrows | - wrinkles forhead
42
orbicularis oculi
-closes eyelids
43
corrgator supercilii
-draws eyebrows medially and downward in frowning concentration
44
nasalis
-widens nostrils
45
orbicularis oris
- closes lips - puckers lips in kissing - developed in humans for speech
46
levator labii sperioris
-elevates upper lip in sneering
47
levator anguli oris
-elevates angle of mouth as in smiling
48
zygomaticus major
-draws angle of mouth upward and laterally in laughing
49
zygomaticus minor
-elevates upper lip, exposing upper teeth in smiling/sneering
50
depressor anguli oris
-draws angle of mouth upward and laterally in laughing
51
mentalis
- elevates and protrudes lower lip in drinking, outing, and expression of doubt - elevates and wrinkles skin of chin
52
buccinator
- compresses cheek and gums - directs food between molars - retracts cheek from teeth when mouth is closing, preventing biting cheek - involved in sucking and blowing air
53
platysma
-draws lower lip and angle of mouth downward in expressions of horror/surprise
54
muscle of mastication (chewing) (4)
1. ) masseter 2. ) temporalis 3. ) layeral pterygoid 4. ) medial pterygoid
55
masseter
- overlies angle of mandible - powerful muscle that elevates mandible (closes jaw) - originates at zygomatic arch - inserts in coronoid process, ramus, and angle of mandible
56
temporalis
-elevates and retracts mandible
57
layeral pterygoid
- assists in opening jaw | - also assists in side to side protrusion of jaw
58
medial pterygoid
-grinding motion
59
vertebral foramen
-forms vertebral canal for passage of spinal cord
60
intervertebral foramina
- passage for spinal nerves | - only seen when vertebrae stacked (hole from side view)
61
spinous process
- on back of vertebrae | - helps determine the type of vertebrae
62
superior articular processes with facets
- articulation with neighboring vertebrae | - restrict "twisting" of vertebral column
63
inferior articular processes with facets
- articulation with neighboring vertebrae | - restrict "twisting" of vertebral column
64
3 regions of vertebral column
1. ) cervical vertebrae 2. ) thoracic vertebrae 3. ) lumbar vertebrae
65
cervical vertebrae
- C1-C7 | - ID: have transverse foramina
66
atlas vertebrae
- C1 - circle with ears - fits on top of C2 at dens - doesn't have spinus process or body - deep superior articular facets for articulation with occipital condyles of skull - head back and forth (yes)- occ. condyles rocking in facets
67
Axis vertebrae
- C2 - allows rotation of head (no) - has dens that projects into vertebral foramen on atlas - heavy blow can drive dens up thru foramen magnum into brainstem (death) - kinda looks like a tooth
68
transverse foramina
-canal for vertebral arteries going to the brain
69
thoracic vertebrae
- T1-12 - only vertebrae with ribs attached - ID: hold vertebrae by body w/ spinus process pointing down; superior articular facet on top flat and pointed ahead or out, it's thoracic
70
superior costal facets
- on thoracic vertebrae body | - articulation for ribs
71
inferior costal facets
- on thoracic vertebrae body | - articulation for ribs
72
transverse costal facets
- on thoracic vertebrae transverse process - articulation for ribs - articulation for ribs
73
Lumbar vertebrae
- L1-L5 | - ID: facets are cupped and pointing medially
74
Sacrum
-5 fused vertebrae
75
median sacral crest
- sacrum | - connection to spinous processes of vertebrae
76
anterior sacral foramina
-passage for nerves and arteries to pelvic organs
77
posterior sacral foramina
-passage for nerves going to lower limbs
78
coccyx
- 4 fused vertebrae | - attachment point for muscle to pelvic floor
79
atlanto-occipital joint
- between atlas and skull - condylar - flexion, extension, lateral flexion, circumduction of head and neck - yes motion
80
atlantoaxial joint
- between atlas and axis - pivot joint - rotation of head - no motion
81
intervertebral symphysis
- between vertebral bodies with intervertebral disks | - shock absorbers
82
zygapophyseal
- articular processes/facets of vertebrae - pair of superior articular processes from one vertebrae project upward and articulate with pair of inferior articular processes of vertebrae above - plane joints - can slide anterior/posterior/laterally
83
intervertebral
- between adjacent vertebral bodies - cartilaginous joints - symphyses - amphiarthrotic (slightly movable)
84
thoracic cage
- ribs | - sternum
85
clavicle notch
- sternum | - forms sternoclavicle joint
86
manubrium
- sternum - attachment of 1st costal cartilage superiorly - attachment of 2nd costal cartilage inferiorly
87
xiphoid process
- sternum - attachment for some abdominal muscles - junction between xiphoid process and body of sternum marks inferior border of heart
88
true ribs
- pairs 1-7 | - attach directly to sternum via costal cartilages associated with EACH rib
89
false ribs
- pairs 8-12 - have costal cartilages that articulate with the cartilage of the rib superior to them - connections to sternum are indirect
90
floating ribs
- pairs 11-12 - do not connect to adjacent cartilages or to sternum - unattached anteriorly
91
head of rib
-has articular surfaces for attachment to vertebra bodies
92
rib tubercle
-has facet for articulation with transverse processes of vertebrae
93
costal facets of vertebrae
-superior and inferior that serve as articulation point for vertebrae and ribs
94
costovertebral joints
- between ribs and superior/inferior costal factes of vertebrae - plane, synovial joints
95
sternocostal joints
- 1st cartilaginous joint | - 2nd-7th synovial joints
96
suprahyoid muscles
- anterior neck - superior to hyoid - run from hyoid to mandible - form floor of mouth - help open jaw and move hyoid bone - elevate floor of mouth - important in chewing, swallowing, keeping airway open, speech
97
infrahyoid muscles
- anterior neck - inferior to hyoid - function to depress hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speech
98
trapezius muscle
- posterior neck | - extends neck
99
sternocleidomastoid muscle
- posterior neck | - primer mover of neck flexion
100
unilateral contraction sternocleidomastoid
- lateral flexion of cervical spine ipsilateral to muscle - rotation of cervical spine contralateral (face opposite side of muscle) - origin: manubrium/medial clavicle - insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
101
bilateral contraction sternocleidomastoid
- flexion | - draws head straight forward and down (reading)
102
scalene muscle group
- posterior neck - bilateral contraction provides anterior flexion of vertebral column - unilateral contraction results in ipsilateral flexion of cervical vertebral column - muscle of inspiration: elevate ribs 1-2
103
muscle of thorax (respiration)
1. ) diaphragm 2. ) external intercostals 3. ) internal intercostals
104
diaphragm
- prime mover of inspiration - 2/3 air intake - separates thoracic and abdominal cavities - increases size thoracic cavity when contracts
105
external intercostals
- superficial to internal intercostals - elevate and protract ribs 2-12 - expand thoracic cavity
106
internal intercostals
- deep to external intercostals | - compress thoracic cavity during FORCED expiration
107
external abdominal oblique
- anterior abdominal wall - flexes like trunk - unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation of waist - supports abdominal viscera - stabilizes vertebral column during lifting - posture - aids in expiration, urination, defecation, vomiting and childbirth
108
internal abdominal oblique
- anterior abdominal wall | - same as external, except unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral rotation of waist
109
transverse abdominis
- anterior abdominal wall - compresses abdominal contents - same effects of external oblique, but doesn't contribute to movements of vertebral column
110
rectus abdominis
- anterior abdominal wall - flexes lumbar region of vertebral column - forward bending at waist
111
erector spinae
- group of back muscles - extension and lateral flexion of vertebral colun - run vertically for entire length of back from cranium to sacrum - FF: pork chops and T-bone steaks
112
semispinalis thoracis
- back muscle | - extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
113
primary curvature of spine
-at birth, only thoracic and sacral kyphotic curves present
114
secondary curvature of spine
- cervical lordotic curve develops as a baby is able to lift his or her head - lumbar lordotic curve develops with assumption of erect, bipedal posture
115
cervical curvature
- lordotic | - convex anteriorly
116
thoracic curvature
- kyphotic | - concave anteriorly
117
lumbar curvature
- lordotic | - convex anteriorly
118
sacral curvature
- kyphotic | - concave anteriorly
119
diarthroses axial
* synovial- movable 1. ) TMJ- modified hinge 2. ) atlanto-occipital- condylar 3. ) atlantoaxial- pivot 4. ) zygapophyseal- plane 5. ) costovertebral- plane 6. ) 2nd-7th sternocostal
120
synarthroses axial
* fibrous joint | - skull sutures
121
amphiarthroses axial
* cartilaginous joint- slightly movable 1. ) intervertebral 2. ) 1st sternocostal
122
sternocleidomastoid O/I
O: manubrium I: mastoid process
123
masseter O/I
O: zygomatic arch I: coronoid process

Structure/function 1 lab (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions