Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
dorsal
A
-top of brain
2
Q
ventral
A
-underside of brain
3
Q
caudal
A
-toward back of head (medulla)
4
Q
rostral
A
-toward front of head (cerebrum)
5
Q
meninges
A
- three connective tissue layers surrounding the brain
- dura -> arachnoid -> pia
6
Q
pia mater
A
- innermost layer of meninges
- vascular layer
- easily distinguished from arachnoid b/c dips into gyri and sulci, while arachnoid doesn’t
7
Q
cerebral cortex
A
- largest structure in dorsal view
- covers cerebrum
8
Q
lobes of cerebral cortex
A
- correspond to bones of skull
- frontal
- temporal
- occipital
- parietal
9
Q
longitudinal fissure
A
-separates cerebral hemispheres
10
Q
transverse fissure
A
-separates cerebellum from cerebral hemispheres
11
Q
corpus callosum
A
- deep in longitudinal fissure
- thick transverse band of fibers
- connects cerebral hemispheres
12
Q
3 parts of corpus callosum
A
- ) genu
- ) body
- ) splenium
13
Q
sulcus
A
-depression of convolution
14
Q
gyrus
A
-raised area of convolution
15
Q
tectum
A
- 4 prominent swellings that form the roof of the midbrain
- 2 superior colliculi; 2 inferior colliculi
16
Q
chroid plexus
A
-reddish-purple mass of blood vessels within the lateral ventricle
17
Q
fornix
A
-band of white fibers that form a pathway that connects hippocampus w/ hypothalamus
18
Q
cranial nerves basics
A
- 12 pairs
- first 2 pairs (olfactory and optic) originate in forebrain (olfactory and optic)
- rest originate in brainstem
- all ipsilateral besides optic and trochlear
19
Q
cranial nerves function
A
-innervate skeletal muscles of head and neck (*except vagus)
20
Q
contralateral cranial nerves
A
- optic
- trochlear
21
Q
olfactory nerve
A
- I
- afferent sensory nerve
- fibers pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and synapse in olfactory bulb
22
Q
olfactory nerve function
A
-smell fragrances/odors
23
Q
optic nerve
A
- II
- afferent sensory nerve
- fibers arise from retina of eye and converge from both eyes to form optic chiasma
- fibers synapse in thalamus
- CONTRALATERAL
24
Q
optic nerve function
A
-ability to precisely see
25
vision testing
-use eye chart and test for point at which person first seen an object moving into visual field
26
oculomotor nerve
- III
- efferent motor motor nerve
- terminates skeletal muscles of eye and lens
27
oculomotor nerve function
- eye movements (object tracking)
| - adjust pupil diameter via parasympathetic stimulation
28
where does oculomotor nerve innervate
1. ) extrinsic rectus ocular muscles
| 2. ) upper eyelid
29
ptosis
-drooping of one or both eyelids
30
trochlear nerve
- IV
- efferent motor nerve
- terminates at skeletal muscle of eye
- CONTRALATERAL
31
trochlear nerve function
- lateral movement of eye
| - test by following pencil from side to side
32
trigeminal nerve
- V
- terminates at pons (senses) and facial muscles associated w/ chewing
- three divisions- each afferent sensory nerve; one also efferent motor nerve
33
trigeminal sensory nerve division function
-general senses (touch, temp, pain) of entire face
34
trigeminal motor nerve division fxn
-chew food
35
test trigeminal nerve
1. ) touch cornea w/ wisp of cotton (should blink)
2. ) touch hot and cold objects to skin of face
3. ) clenching teeth, opening mouth against resistance, moving jaw side to side
36
abducens nerve
- VI
- efferent motor nerve fibers
- terminates at skeletal muscle of eye
37
abducens nerve function
- lateral eye movements
| - tested by following object from side to side
38
facial nerve
- VII
- mixed nerve containing afferent sensory and efferent motor fibers
- afferent terminate in thalamus (taste sensation)
- 5 branches of motor fibers innervate glands and skeletal muscles of face
39
motor facial nerve fibers fxn
- facial expression
- tear, nasal, salivary glands
- test by doing various facial movements simultaneously
40
sensory facial nerve fibers fxn
- sense of taste
| - test by exposing tongue to sweet, salty sour, and bitter substances
41
vestribulocochlear nerve
- VIII
- afferent sensory nerve
- originates from snes organs of inner ear
- terminates at pons and medulla
42
vestribulocochlear fxn
- hearing (medulla)
| - equilibrium (pons)
43
glossopharyngeal nerve
- IX
- mixed
- afferent fibers terminate at medulla oblongata
- efferent fibers terminate at glands and skeletal muscle of oral cavity
44
glossopharyngeal nerve afferent fibers fxn
- taste (tongue)
- general senses of tongue and pharynx
- CO2 and O2 levels in blood
- regulates BP and respiration
45
glossopharyngeal nerve efferent fibers fxn
- innervate tongue and pharynx
| - tested by swallowing/coughing
46
vagus nerve
- X
- only cranial nerve that extends below neck
- mixed
- terminates in medulla oblongata
47
vagus efferent fiber fxn
- parasympathetic
- innervates heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera
- regulates cardiovascular, digestion, and respiratory systems
48
vagus afferent fiber fxn
- innervate pharynx and larynx
| - swallowing and speech
49
accessory nerve
- XI
- primarily efferent motor
- terminates at skeletal muscles of oral cavity and neck/shoulder
50
accessory nerve fxn
- swallowing
- moving head, neck, shoulders
- tested by rotating head and shrugging shoulders
51
hypoglossal nerve
- XII
- primarily efferent motor nerve
- terminates in muscles of tongue
52
hypoglossal nerve fxn
- tongue movements
- speech
- swallowing
- test by protruding/retracting tongue in straight line
53
cranial nerve mnemonic
Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly
54
cranial nerve function mnemonic
some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
55
taste
1. ) vagus
2. ) facial
3. ) glossopharyngeal
56
chewing
-trigeminal
57
swallowing
-accessory
58
facial pain/touch
-trigeminal
59
turn eyes laterally
abducens
60
senses carotid BP
-glossopharyngeal
