Pectoral Girdle and Appendages Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
pectoral girdle
A
- support the arm and links it to the axial skeleton
1. ) clavicle
2. ) scapula
2
Q
sternal end clavicle
A
-forms sternoclaviculear joint with clavicle notch on sternum
3
Q
acrominal end clavicle
A
-forms acrominoclavicular joint
4
Q
scapula
A
-over ribs 2-7
5
Q
glenoid fossa/cavity
A
- scapula
- attachment to head of humerus
- forms glenohumeral joint
6
Q
coracoid process
A
- scapula
- attachment point for arm muscles
7
Q
acromion process
A
- scapula
- articulates with clavicle
- only bridge from appendicular to axial skeleton
8
Q
supraspinous fossa
A
- scapula
- attachment site for muscles
9
Q
infraspinous fossa
A
- scapula
- attachment site for muscles
10
Q
subscapular fossa
A
- scapula
- attachment site for muscles
11
Q
upper limbs
A
- 30 bones/limb
- divided into 4 segments
1. ) humerus
2. ) radius
3. ) ulna
4. ) carpals
12
Q
humerus head
A
-articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
13
Q
greater tubercle
A
- humerus
- attachment site for muscles
14
Q
lesser tubercle
A
- humerus
- attachment site for muscles
15
Q
intertubercular sulcus
A
- humerus
- houses tendon for bicep
16
Q
surgical neck
A
- humerus
- common fracture site
17
Q
deltoid tuberosity
A
- humerus
- insertion point for deltoid muscle of shoulder
18
Q
trochlea
A
- humerus
- medial condyle
- articulates with ulna
19
Q
capitulum
A
- humerus
- lateral condyle
- articulates with radius
20
Q
medial epicondyle
A
- humerus
- protects ulnar nerve, which runs along back of elbow
- “funny bone”- bumping stimulates ulnar nerve
21
Q
olecranon fossa
A
- humerus
- accommodates olecranon process on ulna when arm EXTENDED
22
Q
coronoid fossa
A
-accommodates coronoid process of ulna when forearm is FLEXED
23
Q
radius ID
A
-goes to thumb
24
Q
radius head
A
- articulates with spins on capitulum of humerus
- articulates with spins on radial notch of ulna
25
radial tuberosity
-insertion point for biceps muscle
26
ulnar notch
- radius
| - articulates with end of ulna
27
styloid process radius
-can be palpated proximal to thumb
28
ulna ID
- has a "u"
| - goes to pinky
29
trochlear notch
- ulna
| - articulation (wraps around) w/ trochlea of humerus
30
olecranon
-ulna
-posterior side of trochlear notch
bony pt elbow
31
styloid process ulna
-can palpate on lateral side of wrist
32
carpals (8)
- bones that allow wrist movements
1. ) scaphoid
2. ) lunate
3. ) triquetrum
4. ) pisiform (sesamoid bone)
5. ) trapezium
6. ) trapezoid
7. ) capitate
8. ) hamate
33
phalanges
- bones of finger
| - singular "phalanx"
34
pollux
- thumb
| - 2 phalanges, as opposed to 3 like other digits
35
proximal phalange
-btw metacarpal and int. phalanx
36
intermediate phalanx
-btw proximal and distal
37
distal phalanx
-top of digits
38
pectoralis minor origin
-ribs 3-5
39
pectoralis minor insertion
-coracoid process of scapula
40
serratus anterior origin
- nearly all ribs
| - then wraps laterally around chest, passes across back and between scapula and ribs
41
serratus anterior insertion
-on medial (vertebral) border of scapula
42
serratus anterior contraction
-scapula glides laterally and slightly forward around ribs
43
serratus anterior function
- protracts scapula
- prime mover in all forward-reaching and pushing actions
- aids in elevating apex of shoulder
- fixes shoulder during abduction of arm
44
trapezius function
- stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements
- elevates/depresses apex of shoulder
- acts w/ other muscles to rotate and retract scapula
45
rhomboideus minor origin
-spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1
46
rhomboideus minor insertion
-medial border of scapula
47
rhomboideus minor function
- retracts scapula ad braces shoulder
| - fixes scapula during arm movements
48
pectoralis major origin
- medial half of clavicle
- lateral margin of sternum
- costal cartilages 1-7
49
pectroalis major insertion
-intertubercular sulcus of humerus
50
pectoralis major function
- flexion of arm
- adduction of arm
- medial rotation of arm
- hugging, climbing
51
latissimus dorsi origin
- vertebrae T7-L5
- lower ribs 3-4
- iliac crest (top of hip)
52
latissimus dorsi insertion
-intertubecular sulcus of humerus
53
latissimus dorsi functions
- adduction of humerus
- medial rotation of humerus
- extends shoulder joint (rowing)
- backward swing of arm (bowling)
- ulls body forward and upward when reaching high
- deep inspiration
- sudden expiration (sneeze/cough)
- prolonged forceful expiration (sing)
54
deltoid origin
-acromion and spine of scapula
55
deltoid insertion
-deltoid tuberosity of humerus
56
deltoid function
- flexion and medial rotation of arm (ant fibers)
- abduction of arm (post fibers)
- arm swinging
57
teres major origin
-inferior scapula
58
teres major insertion
-intertubecular sulcus of humerus
59
teres major function
- extension and medial rotation of humerus
| - contributes to arm swinging
60
rotator cuff
- formed by TENDONS of SITS muscles
- forms partial sleeve around proximal end of humerus
- reinforces joint capsule that hold head of humerus in glenoid vacity
- easily damaged by strenuous circumduction or hard blow to shoulder
61
rotator cuff muscles origin
-scapula
62
rotator cuff muscles insertion
-tubercles of humerus
63
SITS muscles
S- supraspinatus
I- infraspinatus
T- teres minor
S- subscapularis
64
supraspinatus
- aids in abduction of arm
| - resists downward slippage of humeral head when arm is relaxed or carrying weight
65
infrapinatus
- helps deltoid prevent humeral head from sliding upward
| - lateral rotation of humerus
66
teres minor
- helps deltoid prevent humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted
- lateral rotation of humerus
67
subscapularis function
- helps deltoid prevent humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted
- medial rotation of humerus
68
muscles with bellies in brachium (arm)
1. ) brachialis
2. ) biceps brachii
3. ) triceps brachii
69
brachialis origin
-anterior surface of distal half of humerus
70
brachialis insertion
-coronoid process of ulna
71
brachialis function
-prime mover of elbow flexion
72
biceps brachii origin
-coracoid process and glenoid cavity (2 muscles)
73
biceps brachii insertion
-radial tuberosity
74
biceps brachii function
- powerful or rapid supination of forearm
| - synergist of elbow flexion
75
triceps brachii origin
-scapula and humerus
76
triceps brachii insertion
-olecranon
77
triceps brachii function
-prime mover of elbow extension
78
muscles with bellies in antebrachium (forearm)
1. ) brachioradialis
2. ) pronator quadratus
3. ) pronator teres
4. ) supinator
* fused to glenohumeral joint on all sides EXCEPT inferior
79
brachioradialis origin
-lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
80
brachioradialis insertion
-near styloid process of radius (lateral)
81
brachioradialis function
-flexes elbow
82
pronator quadratus origin
-anterior, distal ulna
83
pronator quadratus insertion
-anterior, distal radius
84
pronator quadratus function
-prime mover of pronation
85
pronator quadratus/teres contraction
- produces changes in position of radius and ulna
- radius crosses ulna and goes from lateral to medial position
- pro quad/teres ant in anatomical postion -> posterior after pronation
86
pronator teres origin
-near medial epicondyle of humerus
87
pronator teres insertion
-lateral surface of radial shaft
88
pronator teres function
-pronation of forearm
89
supinator
- O: lateral epicodyle of humerus
| - I: just distal to radial notch of ulna
90
supinator function
- supination of forearm
| - when contracts, uncrosses radius and ulna
91
flexor group
- muscles acting on wrist/hand
- located on anterior forearm
- arise from common tendon on humerus
- tendons at distal end pass under flexor retinaculum through carpal tunnel, extending to wrist and hands
92
retinaculum
-bracelet-like sheet of connective tissue that protects tendons beneath it
93
carpal tunnel
-tight space between flexor retinaculum and carpal bones
94
prominent tendons on anterior side of wrist
- from palmaris longus (medial side) and flexor carpi radialis (lateral) muscles
- palmaris absent in 14% of people (left side)
95
extensor group
- muscle of wrist/hand
- posterior side of forearm
- share single tendon originating on humerus
- insert on hand (metacarpals) or fingers
- wrist and finger extensors
96
lateral -> medial arrangement extensor group (from posterior view)
extensor carpi ulnaris -> extensor digiti minimi -> extensor digitorum -> extensor brevis
97
tendons of extensor digitorum
-easily seen/palpated on back side of had when fingers strongly extended
98
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
-joint between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
99
why loose joint capsule and shallow glenoid cavity of glenohumeral joint
-joint stability sacrificed for freedom of movement
100
glenoid labrum
-ring of fibrocartilage in glenohumeral joint cavity around the margin
101
what stabilizes glenohumeral joint
-biceps brachii muscle on anterior side of arm
102
glenohumeral joint function
- has a tendon passes through intertubercular groove of humerus and inserts on superior part of gelnoid cavity
- acts like a strap to hold head of humerus against glenoid cavity
103
protection of glenohumeral joint
- protected from above by coracoid process, acromion, and clavicle
- therefore, most common dislocation of joint is downward displacement of humerus
104
ligaments that support glenohumeral joint
-5 total
3 glenohumeral
coracohumeral
transverse humeral
105
bursaie of glenohumeral joint
1. ) subdeltoid
2. ) subacromial
3. ) subcoracoid
4. ) subscapular
106
humeroulnar joint
- hinge joint of elbow
| - articulation of trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
107
humeroacrodial joint
- hinge joint of elbow
| - articulation of capitulum of humerus and head of radius
108
olecranon bursa
- only bursa of elbow (anterior side)
| - eases movement of tendons over the joint
109
ligaments of elbow
1. ) radial (lateral) collateral ligament
2. ) ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
- restrict side-to-side motions
110
proximal radioulnar joint
- joint of elbow (NOT hinge)
- allows for pronation/supination
- articulation between edge of head of radius and radial notch of ulna
- radial head rotates like a wheel against ulna
111
metacarpophalangeal joints
- between metacarpals bones of hand and proximal phalanges of fingers
- knuckles at base of fingers
112
interphalangeal joints
- between proximal and middle or middle and distal phalanges
| - second and third knuckles
