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Structure/function 1 lab > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

tissue

A

-group of cells that work together to perform certain function

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2
Q

4 main tissues

A
  1. ) epithelial
  2. ) muscle
  3. ) connective
  4. ) nervous
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3
Q

longitudinal section

A

-frontal section

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4
Q

cross section

A

-transverse section

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5
Q

epithelial tissue

A
  • covers body surfaces
  • inside lining of hollow organs or tubes (GI tract, blood vessels, kidney tubules)
  • one side attached to other tissue and other side free (facing air or hollow part of organ/tube)
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6
Q

functions of epithelial tissue

A
  • exchange
  • transport
  • ciliated
  • protective
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7
Q

classification of epithelial tissue by layering

A
  1. ) simple
  2. ) stratified
  3. ) pseuodostratified
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8
Q

simple layering

A

-tissue is made of single layer of cells

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9
Q

stratified layering

A

-more than one layer of cells

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10
Q

pseudostratified

A
  • one layer of cells that are different heights, so looks like more than one layer
  • often under cilia
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11
Q

classification of epithelial tissue by cell shape

A
  1. ) squamous
  2. ) cuboidal cells
  3. ) columnar
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12
Q

squamous cells

A
  • look like flat fried eggs
  • squished nucleus
  • look kinda like a scale
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13
Q

cuboidal cells

A
  • look like cubes
  • round, centrally placed nucleus
  • best place to see is in the kidney tubules cross section aligning hollow center
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14
Q

columnar cells

A
  • look like columns
  • tall rectangles
  • nucleus tends to be at bottom (purple)
  • good place to find is lining of GI tract (stomach, intestine, etc)
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15
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

-layer of fried eggs

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16
Q

stratified squamous

A
  • pile of fried eggs
  • found in places that are prone to abrasion
  • two types
    1. ) non-keratinized
    2. ) keratinized
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17
Q

non-keratinized stratified squamous

A
  • layers of fired eggs, but lacking dead layer of cells
  • in places that have abrasion, but need to be moist
  • inside mouth, vagina, rectum
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18
Q

keratinized stratified squamous

A
  • multiple layers of fired eggs and top layer of dead squamous cells filled with keratin
  • in dry areas of abrasion
  • skin
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19
Q

keratin

A
  • protein
  • dead squamous cells
  • important in waterproofing and protecting from abrasion
  • in dead skin layer
  • generally can’t see nuclei, so looks like ribbon above tissue
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20
Q

simple cuboidal

A
  • single layer of cubes

* not studying stratified

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21
Q

simple colunar

A
  • single layer of columns
  • not studying stratified
  • will see pseudostratified
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22
Q

basement membrane

A

-what adheres the epithelium to the underlying tissue

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23
Q

goblet cells

A
  • produce mucus to aid in passage of food through GI tract

- always in columnar epithelium

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24
Q

cilia

A

-we look at it on top of either simple columnar or pseudotratified epithelium

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25
simple squamous location
- serous membranes (external) of stomach and intestines - alveoli of lungs - glomular capsules of kidneys - inner lining of heart and blood vessels
26
simple squamous function
- allow rapid diffusion/transport of substances through membrane - secrete lubricating serous fluid
27
simple cuboidal location
- kidney tubules - liver - thyroid - bronchioles - mammary and salivary glands
28
simple cuboidal function
- absorption and secretion - production of mucus coating - movement of respiratory mucus
29
simple columnar location
-internal lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder, uterus, uterine tubes
30
simple columnar function
- absorption - secretion of mucus and other products (*has goblet cells) - movement of egg/embryo
31
pseudostratified columnar location
- trachea (ciliated) - nasal cavity - bronchi * respiratory tract
32
pseudostratified columnar function
-secretes and propels mucus
33
stratified squamous non-keratinized location
-tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, anal canal, vagina
34
stratified squamous non-keratinized function
- resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms | - moist environments
35
stratified squamous keratinized location
-epidermis (palms of hand/feet)
36
stratified squamous keratinized function
- resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms | - retards water loss through skin
37
adipose tissue
-big round cells filled with lipid
38
difference between adipose tissue and wall of lung
- wall of lung is individual cells | - adipose tissue is single cell w/o individual cells surrounding each "hole"
39
hyaline cartilage
- white blobs are lacunae - cells are in lacunae (black) - in between lacunae is ground substance (clear) - bones during development before replaced by bone
40
lacunae
-space that contains chondrocytes or osteocytes
41
chondrocytes
- referes to cartilage - cyte=cell - types of cells in lacunae
42
perichondrium
-layers on outside of cartilage
43
elastic cartilage
- has lacunae - has chodrocytes - distinguishable by elastic fibers ini ground substance - flexible (ear)
44
compact bone
- bunch of circles - outside of all your bones - smooth - made of osteons - has central canals
45
spongy (trabecular) bone
- inside of all bones - aka: trabecular bone - not squishy, just looks like a sponge * picture on phone
46
osteon
-like a tree trunk- the whole thing
47
central canal
-location of blood vessels and nerves through compact bone
48
canaliculi
-spider webs radiating out of central canal
49
osteocytes
- cells in bone - in lacunae - osteo=bone
50
trabeculae
-pieces of spongy bone
51
connective tissue
- blood - cartilage - bone - adipose tissue
52
RBC (erythrocyte)
- no nucleus - only lives 120 days - function to carry oxygen - surround WBC on slide
53
WBC (leukocyte)
- different types of nuclei | - big purple cell surrounded by smaller RBCs
54
muscle tissue
- smooth muscle - skeletal muscle - cardiac muscle - each only has one nucleus * long cells
55
skeletal muscle tissue
- each parallel bundle is a cell - multi-nucleated b/c they're so long - striations (bands) perpendicular on bundles - voluntary - found all over body
56
cardiac muscle
- looks like skeletal muscle - only found in heart - striated - muscle fibers are NOT arranged in nice parallel rows - see spaces in between cells - branch
57
why cardiac muscles brance
-wave of electrical activity can spread rapidly from top to bottom of heart
58
intercalated disks
- junctions between CARDIAC muscle cells, where there are lots of gap junctions - ONLY in cardiac tissue - hard to find stripes
59
smooth muscle
- abundant inside GI tract - walls of arteries and veins - does NOT have striations - look like long cells that are kinda clear and have nucleus
60
nervous tissue
- neuron - axons - dendrites - soma - surrounded by glial cells
61
neuron
-send the signals
62
glial cells
- small cells surrounding neurons - support neurons - form BBB - remove waste around neurons - control chemical environment around neurons - scavenge for pathogens

Structure/function 1 lab (6 decks)

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