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Kines > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

3 bones of skull related to craniocervical region

A

temporal bones, occipital bone

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2
Q

arthrokin of AO joint

A

convex occiput

concave atlas

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3
Q

primary WB component of vertebrae

A

body

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4
Q

what part of the ribs articulates w TPs of thoracic vert?

A

articular tubercle

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5
Q

what does the anterior end of the ribs articulate with?

A

sternum

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6
Q

sternum is _______ anteriorly for organ space

A

convex

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7
Q

LOG falls to the _______ of each curve at apex

A

concave

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8
Q

role of lig flavum

A

resist flexion

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9
Q

role of supra/interspinous ligs

A

limit flexion

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10
Q

role of intertransverse ligs

A

resist contralateral flexion

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11
Q

role of lig nuchae

A

adds support to head

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12
Q

role of ALL

A

limits extension

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13
Q

role of PLL

A

reinforces intervertebral discs

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14
Q

role of capsular ligs

A

limits all motion except extension - can resist up to 10k N of force

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15
Q

where are capsular ligs found?

A

around each apophyseal jt

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16
Q

cervical region is _______ and most _______

A

smallest and most mobile

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17
Q

unique structure found in CS

A

transverse foramina

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18
Q

purpose of transverse foramina

A

vertebral artery ascends through these foramina

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19
Q

which CS are typical/atypical?

A

C1-2 atypical

C3-6 typical

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20
Q

CS _______ in size from sup–> inf direction

A

increase

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21
Q

describe transitional areas of the spine

A

vert start looking like segment below them

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22
Q

SPs of CS are _____

A

bifidous

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23
Q

primary function of atlas

A

support head

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24
Q

movements allowed at atlas

A

nodding

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25
Q

movement at axis

A

rotation bc dens

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26
Q

AAJ provides how much of the total CS rotation?

A

50%

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27
Q

typical CS vertebrae do not have SP, instead, they have…

A

anterior and posterior tubercles

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28
Q

which CS vert has an SP?

A

C7

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29
Q

stacking of sup/inf articular facets forms..

A

articular pillar

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30
Q

apophyseal joint line is _______ in CS

A

horizontal BC we need rotation ROM

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31
Q

which TS are typical and why?

A

T2-9

all articulate with two ribs

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32
Q

in TS, pedicles are _______ directed

A

posteriorly

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33
Q

vertebral canal _______ from sup–>inf direction

A

narrows

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34
Q

SPs in TS slant in what direction?

A

downward

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35
Q

apophoseal joint line is _____ in TS

A

nearly vertical
superior facets = posterior
inferior facets = anterior

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36
Q

TPs in TS project…

A

posterior-laterally

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37
Q

why is T1 atypical?

A

large SP and full costal facet

38
Q

why are T10-12 considered atypical?

A

full costal facets

39
Q

direction of SPs in LS

A

horizontally

40
Q

direction of TPs in LS

A

laterally

41
Q

apophyseal joint line in LS

A

vertical

42
Q

function of sacrum

A

transmit weight of vertebral column to pelvis

43
Q

name the 4 joints of the sacrum

A
  1. lumbosacral
  2. sacroiliac x2
  3. sacrococcygeal
44
Q

orientation of base/apex of sacrum

A 
base = faces superiorly
apex = faces inferiorly
45
Q

function of SP and TP

A

increase mechanical leverage of muscles/ligs

46
Q

2 intervertebral joints

A

apophyseal joints

interbody joints

47
Q

R rotation =

A

anterior surface of vertebrae is moving in R direction

talking about top vert moving on bottom vert

48
Q

vertebral facets block these two movements

A

anterior translation and axial rotation

49
Q

how many pairs of apophyseal joints are there?

A

24

50
Q

horizontal facets favor ________

A

axial rotation

51
Q

how to IV discs protect apophyseal joints?

A

minimizing compressive loads

52
Q

lowest pressure body position for IV discs

A

supine

53
Q

highest pressure body position for IV discs

A

lifting something with knees extended and hips flexed

54
Q

how many DOF at AO joint?

A

2

primarily flex/ext and slight lateral flexion

55
Q

how many DOF at AA joint?

A

2

rotation and flexion/extension

56
Q

angle of facets from C2-7 - what is unique about this?

A

45º

allows 3 DOF

57
Q

arthrokinematics of vert extension/flexion

A

extension: facets glide posteriorly/inferiorly
flexion: facets glide anteriorly/superiorly

58
Q

which has more motion: protraction or retraction?

A

protraction

59
Q

protraction _____ mid/lower CS and ______ upper CS

A

flexes; extends

60
Q

arthrokinematics of axial rotation

A

same side glides posterior; opposite side glides anterior

61
Q

arthrokinematics of intracervical lateral flexion

A

inferior/posterior glide on side of closing facet

62
Q

arthrokinematics of AO joint lateral flexion

A

cranium rolls/slides in opposite directions

63
Q

arthrokinematics of AO joint flexion/extension

A

roll and glide in opposite directions

64
Q

describe the effect of flexion/extension on migration of nucleus pulposus

A 
flexion = posterior migration
extension = anterior migration
65
Q

describe cervical spine coupling

A

mechanical coupling between ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation

66
Q

what is the main reason for limited movement in the TS?

A

ribs

67
Q

why does LS have more flex/ext than rotation?

A

facet orientation close to saggital plane

68
Q

full lumbar _____ increases diameter of foramen by 19%

A

flexion

69
Q

intervention to reduce spinal n root pressure due to narrowing of foramen

A

LS flexion

70
Q

prolonged LS flexion increases….

A

compressive force on disc, deforming gel posteriorly = HNP

71
Q

full lumbar flexion ___________ within disc

A

reduces pressure

72
Q

prolonged LS ext increases…

A

contact pressure btw articular facets

73
Q

normal forward fold LS flexion/hip flexion ROM values

A

LS 40º
hip 70º
occur simultaneously

74
Q

extension of trunk w knees extended is initiated by __________ followed by _________

A

ext of hips
ext of spine

reduces load on lumbar spine and extensor muscles by waiting until moment arm of gravity decreases

75
Q

what muscles contribute to ant pelvic tilt/LS lordosis?

A

hip flexors and back extensors

76
Q

what muscles contribute to post pelvic tilt/LS neutral?

A

hip extensors and abdominals

77
Q

SI joint designed for _____

A

stability

78
Q

believed to be a source of pain in 15-30% of people with LBP

A

SI joint dysfunction

79
Q

nutation

A

anterior sacral tilt + posterior iliac tilt

80
Q

counternutation

A

posterior sacral tilt + anterior iliac tilt

81
Q

nutation torque increases…

A

stability at SI

82
Q

why is nutation torque more stable?

A

BW transmitted through L5, anterior to 1st sacral vert, GRF creates post rotation of ilium

83
Q

BW causes _____ rotation of sacrum

A

anterior

84
Q

hip joint compression causes _____ rotation of ilium

A

posterior

85
Q

lack of intrinsic muscle control leads to…

A

vulnerable vertebral column

86
Q

intrinsic muscles stabilize spine by controlling ______ and _______ at intervertebral junctions

A

alignment and stiffness

87
Q

SCM can _____ at upper CS and _____ at lower CS

A

extend; flex

88
Q

full axial rotation gives near _________ of visual scanning

A

180º

89
Q

TA is an ______ muscle

A

anticipatory

90
Q

lumbopelvic instability is associated with ____

A

DDD

91
Q

4 interventions for lumbopelvic instability

A
  1. deep stabilizer activation
  2. challenge wide variety of trunk muscles
  3. muscle endurance
  4. challenge postural control/proprioception
92
Q

arthrokinematics of lumbar/thoracic lateral flexion

A

just superior and inferior movement - no AP movement like in cervical

Kines (13 decks)

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