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Kines > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between kinetics and kinematics

A

Kinematics describe movement without regard to forces; kinetics describe WHY a segment moves

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2
Q

Movement of joint surfaces relative to one another

A

Arthrokinematics

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3
Q

Two or more forces with the same orientation and LOA

A

Linear force system

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4
Q

Two or more forces applied to same segment but are not co-linear and converge at some point

A

Concurrent forces

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5
Q

Two or more segments of one muscle or two muscles with common attachment

A

Resultant forces

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6
Q

If applied force does not pass through COM….

A

Curvilinear movement will occur

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7
Q

Describe force couple

A

2 forces equal in magnitude, opposite in direction; creates rotation at a point midway between the 2 forces

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8
Q

When is the moment arm greatest?

A

When force is perpendicular to lever

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9
Q

Explain the three different types of levers

A

1st class: fulcrum in center, forces on either side

2nd class: fulcrum - resistance force - effort force

3rd class: fulcrum - effort force - resistance force

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10
Q

MA of types of levers

A

1: MA >, 1
3: MA < 1

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11
Q

Perks of mechanical disadvantage

A

Greater ROM, velocity

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12
Q

2 types of joints and describe

A

Synarthroses: fibrous/cartilaginous CT; slight to no mvmt

Diarthroses: synovial membrane, mod - extensive mvmt

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13
Q

2 types of synarthroses and examples

A

Fibrous: sutures of skull

Cartilaginous: symphysis pubis

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14
Q

7 elements always associated with diarthroses

A
  1. Synovial fluid
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Joint capsule
  4. Synovial membrane
  5. Ligs
  6. Blood vessels
  7. Sensory nerves
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15
Q

3 classes of diarthrodial joints

A

Uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial

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16
Q

Types of uniaxial jts

A

Hinge, pivot

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17
Q

Types of biaxial joints

A

Condyloid, saddle, ellipsoid

18
Q

Types of triaxial joints

A

Plane, ball in socket

19
Q

2 components of CT

A

Cells, ECM

20
Q

4 types of CT cells and where they are located

A
  1. Fibroblast - ligs, tendons
  2. Chondrocytes - hyaline and fibrocartilage
  3. Tenocytes - tendons
  4. Osteocytes - bone
21
Q

2 classes of proteins in fibrous component of ECM

A

Collagen and elastin

22
Q

Most abundant protein in body

A

Collagen

23
Q

Describe strength of collagen

A

Tensile strength similar to steel

24
Q

Difference btw type 1 and 2 collagen

A

1: stiff, strong, allows very little elongation
2: helps tissues maintain shape, provides internal strength, less tensile strength

25
Q

Where is elastin found?

A

Structures that require more “give”

Ex: aorta

26
Q

3 types of CT

A
  1. Dense
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Fibrocartilage
27
Q

Main type of collagen in dense CT

A

Type 1

28
Q

Irregular vs regular dense CT

A

Irregular: angular fibers (capsule)

Regular: parallel fibers (lig/tendon)

29
Q

Are tendons or ligs more adapted to larger tensile forces?

A

Tendons

30
Q

3 types of cartilage

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Hyaline/articular
31
Q

Where do bones have greatest strength?

A

Compression along the long axis

32
Q

Define stress

A

Force/unit area

33
Q

Define strain

A

% of change in length or cross-section of a structure

34
Q

Increasing strain with little change in stress - force results in permanent deformation

A

Plastic region of stress-strain curve

35
Q

Define creep

A

Force remains constant, length changes over time

36
Q

Define stress-relaxation

A

Force decreases over time, length remains the same

37
Q

Order of muscle structure

A 
Monofilament
Myofibril
Fiber
Fascicle
Belly
38
Q

Define PCSA

A

Reflects amount of active proteins available to generate contraction force

39
Q

Max force potential is proportional to

A

Sum of CSA of all of its fibers

40
Q

Where is active force generation strongest?

A

Resting length of muscle

41
Q

6 factors influencing force production

A
  1. Muscle size (PSCA)
  2. Moment arm of muscle
  3. Stretch of muscle
  4. Velocity
  5. Level of muscle fiber recruitment
  6. Motor unit types composing the muscle

Kines (13 decks)

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