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Hand Flashcards

1
Q

which parts of the radius are concave?

A

M-L and A-P

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2
Q

where is lister’s tubercle?

A

radius

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3
Q

degree of ulnar tilt of radius

A

25º

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4
Q

degree of palmar tilt of radius

A

10º

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5
Q

the difference between lengths of radius and ulna

A

ulnar variance

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6
Q

when is ulnar difference value deemed abnormal?

A

when >1 mm difference

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7
Q

pronation = functional __________ of radius

A

shortening

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8
Q

supination = functional _________ of radius

A

lengthening

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9
Q

ulnar positive/negative

A

+: ulna is longer than radius

-: distal ulna is shorter than radius

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10
Q

most unstable carpal bone

A

lunate

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11
Q

sesamoid bone of hand

A

pisiform

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12
Q

largest carpal bone

A

capitate

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13
Q

this carpal bone articulates with the 1st MC

A

trapezium

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14
Q

this carpal bone articulates with the 2nd MC

A

trapezoid

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15
Q

describe the shape and components of carpal tunnel in respect to carpal bones/ligs

A

palmar concavity of carpal bones + transverse carpal lig

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16
Q

components of radiocarpal joint

A

concave radius/articular disc, convex scaphoid and lunate

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17
Q

components of medial midcarpal joint

A

convex capitate/hamate

concave scaphoid/lunate/triquetrum

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18
Q

components of lateral midcarpal joint

A

concave trapezium/trapezoid

convex scaphoid

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19
Q

two main roles of hand ligs

A
  1. maintain alignment

2. disperse forces

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20
Q

wrist extension occurs with this movement

A

radial deviation

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21
Q

wrist flexion occurs with this movement

A

ulnar deviation

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22
Q

AOR of wrist

A

capitate

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23
Q

explain the central column

A

simplified model for arthrokinematics

radius - lunate - capitate - third MC

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24
Q

entire midcarpal joint represented by what happens between….

A

lunate and capitate

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25
entire radiocarpal joint represented by the movement between...
lunate and radius
26
arthrokin at radiocarpal joint
convex carpal on concave radius roll and glide in opposite direction in open chain
27
movement at midcarpal joint is considered as....
one unit
28
in respect to arthrokin, a segment moves and rolls in the ____ direction
same
29
secondary extensors have a critical role in...
positioning wrist for grip
30
long finger flexors create these two movements
finger flexion + wrist flexion
31
max effort grip wrist extension angle
30º
32
which deviators are stronger?
radial
33
3 functions of hand
1. sensory 2. effector 3. emotional communicator
34
define ray
one MC bone and its associated phalanges
35
hand is _____ on palmar side. why?
concave - allows tendons to reside here
36
1st MC rotated __________
90º medially
37
1st MC positioned ______
anterior
38
1st MC orientation allows for...
thumb positioning for prehension
39
arches of the hand
1. prox transverse arch 2. distal transverse arch 3. longitudinal arch
40
term for main source of structural stability of arch of hand
keystone
41
keystone structure of prox transverse arch
capitate
42
prox transverse arch is formed by....
distal row of carpals
43
what kind of arch is the prox transverse arch?
rigid
44
distal transverse arch is formed by...
MCP joints
45
keystone structure of distal transverse arch
2 and 3 MCPS
46
where is the distal transverse arch flexible?
1, 4, 5 MCPs
47
longitudinal arch follows general shape of...
2nd and 3rd rays
48
long arch provides...
longitudinal stability
49
keystone structure of longitudinal arch
2/3 MCPs
50
discuss mobility/stability of CMC 2-5
2+3: stable | 4+5: mobile
51
the 4th and 5th CMC joints are responsible for....
cupping motion of flexion and internal rotation
52
describe 1st CMC joint capsule
loose to allow movement
53
what kind of joint is the 1st CMC?
saddle
54
describe shape of trapezium in relation to arthrokin at 1st CMC
concave palmar-dorsal | convex med-lat
55
arthrokin of flex/ext and ab/add at 1st CMC
flex/ext: concave on convex | add/ab: convex on concave
56
close packed position of 1st CMC
opposition
57
composite motion of thumb opposition
abduction, flexion, internal rotation
58
arthrokin of MCP joint
convex metacarpals and concave proximal phalanges
59
two things imbedded in MCP capsule
1. rad/uln collateral ligs | 2. palmar plate
60
form tunnels to house the finger flexor tendons and anchor to palmar plate
fibrous digital sheaths
61
MCP joint has large degree of....
passive accessory motions
62
MCP joint flexion - where do you have more?
5th MCP
63
most movement in thumb comes from this joint
CMC
64
IP arthrokin
concave distal base on convex proximal head roll/glide in same direction
65
ligs that restrict extension at IP
check-rein(deer) ligaments
66
close packed position of IP
full extension
67
as we age, we get more __________ of the thumb IP joint
extension
68
extrinsic muscles have proximal attachments on....
forearm or humeral epis
69
intrinsic muscles have prox and distal attachments......
within the hand
70
sole flexor of the thumb
FPL - flexes MCP and CMC
71
hold tendons close to joint to prevent bowstringing and maintain length-tension relationship
flexor pulleys
72
what kind of tendons are in the fibrous digital sheaths?
extrinsic
73
provide lube and nutrients for tendons to pass through
digital synovial sheath
74
isolating PIP flexion requires....
stabilization from proximal extensors
75
most dominant extensor
ED
76
ED isolated contraction =
MCP hyperextension
77
"backbone" of extensor mechanism
central band
78
diverge from central band
lateral bands
79
forms a sling around the base of proximal phalanx
dorsal hood
80
purpose of extensor mechanism
transmit extensor forces + stabilize its tendons
81
these are essential for fine motor control
intrinsics
82
intrinsic plus position
lumbrical grip
83
extreinsic plus position
MCP extension and IP flexion
84
two types of manipulation that the hand produces as an effector organ
repetitive | blunt
85
5 types of grip (review pics of these in slide 50)
1. power grip 2. precision grip 3. power (key) pinch 4. precision pinch 5. hook grip
86
RA reduces...
tensile strength of CT
87
cause of zigzag deformity in thumb
taut FPL --> hyperext of MCP --> dislocated CMC
88
swan-neck deformity vs boutonniere deformity
swan-neck ends in DIP flexion, BD ends in DIP extension
89
ulnar drift
overstretching of RCL - ulnar dev at MCP joint
90
cause of swan neck
contracted intrinsic muscles + taught FDP
91
cause of boutonnieres
slipped lateral band, overstretched palmar plate, ruptured central band

Kines (13 decks)

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