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Kines > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

3 landmarks of distal femur

A
  1. Lateral condyle
  2. Medial condyle
  3. Intercondylar notch/groove
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2
Q

Which tibial condyle is larger?

A

Medial

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3
Q

Fibula has ____________ function @ knee

A

No direct

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4
Q

3 parts of tibial articulation surface

A
  1. Lateral plateau
  2. Medial plateau
  3. Intercondylar region
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5
Q

Anterior surface of patella is ________ in all directions

A

Convex

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6
Q

Posterior surface of patella is covered with ___________

A

Cartilage

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7
Q

Where does the patellar tendon attach on the patella?

A

Apex

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8
Q

3 facets of post patella

A

Medial, lateral, odd

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9
Q

Primary function of patella

A

Increase angle of application - (MA of quads)

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10
Q

Secondary function of patella

A

Protect quad tendon from excessive friction

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11
Q

If no patella, quads are __________

A

On slack; active insufficienc

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12
Q

Term for “knock kneed”

A

Genu valgum

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13
Q

Angle ________ is excessive for genu valgum

A

Of femur in relation to tibia (<170 degrees)

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14
Q

Angle ________ is excessive for genu varum

A

Of femur in relation to tib (>180 degrees)

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15
Q

“Bow leg”

A

Genu varum

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16
Q

Normal alignment of femur

A

Shaft of femur slightly medial

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17
Q

The joint capsule is ______, ____________ and ________ with several recesses

A

Large, complexly attached, lax

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18
Q

How is joint capsule reinforced posteriorly?

A

Muscles and popliteal ligs

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19
Q

How is capsule reinforced M/L?

A

Collateral ligs

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20
Q

How is capsule reinforced anteriorly?

A

Vastus medialis, lateralus, MPFL, retinacula

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21
Q

Unique thing about synovial lining of knee

A

Most extensive and involved in the body

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22
Q

Where is the bursa located

A

Suprapatellar

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23
Q

Purpose of fat pads

A

Reduce friction

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24
Q

Shape of menisci

A

Crescent

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25
Q

Composition of menisci

A

Fibrocartilaginous discs

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26
Q

Shape of medial meniscus

A

Semicircular

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27
Q

Shape of lateral meniscus

A

Circular

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28
Q

Where are menisci thick and thin?

A

Thick peripherally, thin centrally

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29
Q

Blood supply of menisci is greatest in the ____________

A

Periphery

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30
Q

What anchors the menisci?

A

A/P horns

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31
Q

3 secondary attachments of menisci

A
  1. Quads (bilaterally)
  2. Semimembranosus (bilaterally)
  3. Popliteus to lateral only
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32
Q

2 primary functions of menisci

A
  1. Reduce compressive stress

2. Stabilize joint during motion (restrict translation)

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33
Q

3 secondary functions of menisci

A
  1. Lubricate art cartilage
  2. Proprioception
  3. Guide arthrokinematics
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34
Q

Why is rotation not possible in extension?

A

Bony congruency

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35
Q

Flexion/extension AOR

A

M/L, migrating

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36
Q

Axis of flex/ext is ________

A

Oblique

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37
Q

In full flexion, the tibia is slightly ________ to the femur

A

Medial

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38
Q

Axial rotation _________ with knee flexion

A

Increases

39
Q

At 90 deg knee flexion: _______ total axial rot

A

40-45 degrees

40
Q

When tibial tuberosity is lateral to anterior distal femur

A

External rotation

41
Q

What does tibia need to do to “unlock” to go into flexion?

A

IR via popliteus

42
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics at the knee during ext

A

T-on-F: tib rolls and glides anteriorly

F-on-T: fem roll anteriorly and glide posteriorly

43
Q

Describe action of popliteus during flexion both ways

A

T-on-F: popliteus initiates tib IR

F-on-T: popliteus initiates fem ER

44
Q

____________________ dictates arthrokinematics during final 30 degrees of KE

A

Joint arthrology

45
Q

Lock:
Unlock:

A

ER

IR

46
Q

Is an extension loss or a flexion loss more meaningful for a pt?

A

Extension

47
Q

Collateral ligs provide ________ plane stability against _____________ forces

A

Frontal; varus/valgus

48
Q

Cruciate ligs provice _____________ stability

A

Multiplanar

49
Q

MCL resists _______ stress

A

Valgus

50
Q

Secondary role of MCL

A

Preventing anterior translation

51
Q

______ may place increased stress on ACL if injured

A

MCL

52
Q

MCL has the capacity to __________

A

Heal; vascularized

53
Q

MCL works ________ in flexion

A

Harder

54
Q

Resists varus stresses

A

LCL

55
Q

LCL accounts for more restraining force in more ___________

A

Flexion

56
Q

Named for their attachment to the tibia

A

cruciate ligs

57
Q

These ligs work mostly in the saggital plane

A

Cruciate

58
Q

Cruciate ligs guide _________

A

Arthrokinematics

59
Q

Cruciate ligs contribute to ________________

A

Proprioception

60
Q

Where ACL originates and inserts

A

O: anterior tib plateau
I: lateral femoral condyle

61
Q

When is ACL most taut?

A

With knee close to extension

62
Q

ACL is most commonly injured when…

A

Knee is slightly flexed and tib is rotated in either direction

63
Q

How to strain ACL

A

Forceful contraction of quads, especially near full extension (pulls tib anteriorly)

64
Q

Origin and insertion of PCL

A

O: posterior intercondylar area of tib
I: medial femoral condyle

65
Q

Primary function of PCL

A

Restraint to post displacement of tibia on femoral condyles (or ant displacement of femur in closed chain)

66
Q

When are fibers of PCL taut?

A

Greater flexion

67
Q

Contraction of the ________ can slide tib/fib posteriorly

A

Hamstring

68
Q

Most injuries of PCL

A

Traumatic

69
Q

Interface between the patella and intercondylar groove of femur

A

Patellofemoral joint

70
Q

Max contact of PFJ ______ of total surface area

A

30%

71
Q

Describe where patella is during extension and flexion

A

Extension: inferior pole of patella with most contact
Flexion: superior pole of patella with most contact

72
Q

Talk about the motions of the patella relative to the ___________________

A

Inferior pole

73
Q

3 movements of the patella

A
  1. Shift
  2. Tilt
  3. Rotation
74
Q

What comprises the q angle?

A

ASIS –> mid patella

Tib tub –> mid patella (vertical)

75
Q

Approx q angles in women and men

A

15 degrees in women

11 degrees in men

76
Q

Abnormal q angle

A

> 15 degrees

77
Q

Knees over toes in squat increases

A

Resultant forces of quads

78
Q

Quad efficiency is affected by _____

A

Patella

79
Q

Quads produce a force __________ than hamstrings

A

2/3 greater

80
Q

When do quads produce max torque?

A

40-70 deg flexion

81
Q

2 functions of quads

A
  1. Dampens impact of loading

2. Accelerates tib or femur for tasks requiring knee extension

82
Q

In open chain, when is external moment arm greatest in quads?

A

Seated knee extension

83
Q

In a squat, when is external moment arm the greatest?

A

Deep squat (90 degrees of flexion)

84
Q

When are hamstrings most active?

A

Walking/running

85
Q

Role of hamstrings on tibia and femur

A

Tib: accelerate or decelerate during T-on-F movements

Femur: stabilizer

86
Q

When can hamstrings produce max torque?

A

Near full knee extension (seated)

87
Q

Provides medial stability and functions to IR tibia

A

Pes anserine

88
Q

Muscles responsible for IR tibia

A

Sartorius and gracilis

89
Q

2 actions of popliteus

A

IR and knee flexion

90
Q

3 major LATERAL forces on patella

A
  1. IT band
  2. Bowstringing force on patella (caused by quads/pat tendon)
  3. Lateral patellar retinacular fibers
91
Q

Major MEDIAL forces on patella

A
  1. VMO
  2. Raised lateral facet of IC groove
  3. Medial patellar retinacular fibers
92
Q

What motions increase bowstringing force on patella?

A

Excessive knee external rotation and valgus

93
Q

How does a deep squat affect the bowstringing of the patella?

A

Increased forces of quads/patellar tendon increase bowstringing resultant force

Kines (13 decks)

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