Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human anatomy > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the cranium?

A

PEST OF 6 or 8… Parietal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Temporal, Occipital, Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Squama of Frontal Bone

A

Flat region forming the forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Supraorbital margin

A

Upper edge of the eye socket (frontal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Supraorbital Foramen

A

Opening in center of supraorbital margin (frontal) contains nerve that sends sensory info from superior region of face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Zygomatic process of frontal bone

A

articulates with frontal process of zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parietal Bones

A

2 bones on superior lateral walls of cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Grooves for meningeal vessels

A

Depressions on deep surface that contour to the blood vessels in the membranes surrounding the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parietal eminence

A

Central region on exterior surface of parietal bones with the greatest convex curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four major sutures?

A

Coronal, Sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coronal suture

A

between frontal and parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sagittal suture

A

between two parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Squamous suture

A

between temporal and parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

lambdoid suture

A

between occipital and parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Occipital Bone

A

large flat convex bone makes up posterior wall and base of cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

large opening on base of cranium, contains medulla oblongata that attaches to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Smooth extensions lateral to foramen magnum that articulate with c1 or atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypoglossal Canals

A

lateral to foramen magnum contains a cranial nerve that excites muscles of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

External occipital crest, protuberance, and nuchal lines

A

on exterior of occipital bone, point of attachement for muscles and ligaments that extend and stabilize the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fossa for cerebrum

A

smooth convex deep surface contours to occipital lobe of cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fossa for cerebellum

A

smooth convex deep surface contours to cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Jugular notch

A

forms the medial side of jugular foramen that is origin of jugular vein draining blood from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Temporal bone

A

2 medium sized irregular shaped bones forming the inferior lateral walls of the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Squamous part of temporal bone

A

Exterior flat part that forms the squamous suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Petrous part of temporal bone

A

interior part that has a complex shape and contains middle ear w auditory ossicles and inner ear with cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
articulates with the temporal process of zygomatic bone
26
Mandibular fossa
articulates w condylar process of mandible to form only mobile skull joint
27
External acoustic/auditory meatus
Opening for air in external ear vibrate the tympanic membrane and ossicles of the middle ear
28
Internal acoustic/auditory meatus
vestibular cochlear nerve travels from inner ear
29
Mastoid process
insertion for sternocleidomastoid muscle that flex and rotates neck
30
Stylomastoid foramen
located between styloid and mastoid processes, opening that contains facial nerve
31
Styloid process
origin of styloglossus and stylohyoid muscles
32
Carotid foramen or canal
Contains internal carotid artery supplying blood to the brain, located medial lateral to styloid process
33
Sphenoid bone
medium sized irregular shaped bone forms the anterior floor of cranium and articulates with all seven of the other cranial bones, contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity
34
Pterygoid processes
Inferior extensions that provide attachment for pterygoid jaw muscles
35
Greater wings
Majority of sphenoid bone extending lateral from the central body and contains foramen spinosum, foramen ovale, and foramen rotundum
36
Foramen spinosum
furthest posterior and lateral opening in greater wing, small rounded opening that contains meningeal vessels
37
Foramen ovale
oval shaped opening on posterior of greater wing contains mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
38
Foramen rotundum
round opening on the medial to foramen ovale in the greater wing contains maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
39
Lesser wing
broad regions on anterior superior to greater wings, contains optic foramen
40
Optic foramen
contains optic nerve that carries vision from the eyes
41
Superior orbital fissure
large elongated opening between the lesser and greater wing, contains several nerves traveling to and from eyes
42
Sella Turcica
Cup shaped depression posterior and medial to lesser wings that protects the pituitary gland
43
Ethmoid bone
small irregular bone that forms the roof of nasal cavity, contains air filled sinuses that connect with nasal cavity
44
Crista galli
"rooster comb" anterior attachment of falx cerebri (meninges that stabilize brain)
45
Cribiform plate
Numerous small foramina lateral to the crista galli that contain branches of the olfactory nerve
46
Perpendicular plate
forms superior portion of nasal septum dividing the nasal cavity into left and right
47
Nasal concha
superior and middle nasal concha are scroll shaped extensions of the ethmoid that project into the nasal cavity lateral to the perpendicular plate and produce turbulence that helps warm and humidify incoming air
48
Anterior cranial fossa
formed from frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones
49
Middle cranial fossa
formed from sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones
50
Posterior cranial fossa
formed from the occipital, temporal and parietal bones
51
What is a fontanelle?
fibrous CT between cranial bones of an infant
52
Anterior fontanelle
Junction of sagittal and coronal sutures
53
Posterior fontanelle
junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
54
Sphenoidal fontanelle
junction of squamous and coronal sutures
55
Mastoid fontanelle
junction of squamous and lambdoid sutures
56
What are the facial bones?
Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh...Vomer, Concha, Nasal, Mandible, Maxilla, Palatine, Zygomatic, Lacrimal.
57
Vomer
Small flat bone shape resembles a plow, forms the inferior portion of nasal septum
58
Nasal bones
2 small flat bones forming the bridge of the nose
59
Maxilla
2 irregular shaped bones, form upper jaw and medial margin of orbit, contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity
60
Alveolar process
ridges around teeth
61
Mandible
Irregular bone forming the lower jaw, body contains alveolar process and mental foramen
62
Mental foramen
Opening on the anterior surface of mandible that contains mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
63
Ramus
Process that projects superior from mandibular angle
64
Condylar process
articulates with mandibular fossa to form only mobile skull joint
65
Coronoid process
insertion for temporalis muscle that closes jaw
66
Mandibular notch
smooth concave curve at end of ramus between condylar and coronoid processes
67
Mandibular foramen
opening on medial surface of ramus contains a division of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve carrying sensory information from lower jaw (site for novacain injections)
68
Palatine bones
2 small irregular bones that resemble the letter L with a horizontal plate that form the posterior 1/3 of hard palate
69
Zygomatic bones
2 medium sized irregular bones that form the cheeks, located lateral to the maxillae and anterior to temporal and sphenoid bones
70
Lacrimal bones
2 smallest bones of the face located in the medial orbits
71
Lacrimal groove
forms nasolacrimal duct draining tears
72
Hyoid
small irregular horseshoe shape bone located inferior to mandible, has no bony joints
73
List the bones that form the orbital complex (7)
Frontal, Zygomatic, Maxilla, Palatine, Lacrimal, Ethmoid and Sphenoid
74
How many bones make up the vertebral column?
26...7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx
75
Primary curve
Present at birth, thoracic and sacral regions
76
Secondary curve
Develop w upright posture, cervical and lumbar regions
77
Scoliosis
lateral curve
78
Kyphosis
exaggerated thoracic curve "hump back"
79
Lordosis
exaggerated lumbar curve "sway back"
80
Characteristics of a typical vertebrae
Body, Pedicles, Lamina, spinous process, transverse processes, superior and inferior articular processes, intervertebral foramen
81
Intervertebral discs
Pad preventing contact between adjacent vertebral bodies, annulus fibrosus is outer ring of fibrocartilage, nucleus pulposus is jelly like core of loose CT
82
Cervical vertebrae
C1 to C7, C1 is atlas, C2 is axis, split tip spinous process, transverse formamina in transverse processes, C7 is vertebra prominens and does not have split tip spinous process C7 is similar to thoracic vertebrae but has no costal facets
83
Thoracic vertebrae
T1 to T12, costal facets on the body and transverse processes articulate w the ribs, long slender spinous processes that point inferior
84
Lumbar vertebrae
L1 to L5, large oval shaped body, small vertebral foramen, blunt square shaped spinous process
85
Sacrum
Large irregular bone forming the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity, formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae, base is wide superior end that articulates w L5, apex is inferior end that articulates w coccyx, canal contains spinal nerves that extend from spinal cord through the vertebral foramen and exit throughj the 4 pairs of sacral foramina, median sacral crest is ridge on the posterior down midline resulting from fused spinous processes
86
Coccyx
"tail" bone made of 3-5 small vertebrae that fused together late in life
87
Sternum
large flat bone along midline on anterior thorax
88
Manubrium
broad superior part of sternum
89
jugular notch
curved superior edge on midline between clavicles
90
Body of sternum
large middle portion
91
Xyphoid process
"sword like" inferior pointed tip of sternum, originally made up of cartilage but gradually ossifies during adult life
92
Ribs
24 medium sized flat bones extending lateral and anterior from the thoracic vertebrae, superior ten curve medial at the anterior of the thorax to form cartilaginous articulations with sternum (costal cartilage)
93
True ribs
numbered 1-7 attach to sternum directly through distinct costal cartilages
94
False ribs
8-10 attach to costal cartilage of rib 7
95
Floating ribs
11 & 12 have no costal cartilage
96
Features of a rib
Head, Tubercle, Neck, Angle, Costal groove
97
Head of rib
articulates w the costal facets or vertebral body
98
Tubercle of rib
articulates with the costal facets on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
99
Neck of rib
region between head and tubercle
100
Angle of rib
point of greatest curvature
101
Costal groove
long narrow depression on the inferior surface that contains costal nerves and blood vessels

Human anatomy (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions