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Blood vessels Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What is the flow of blood?

A

Heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins to heart

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers in the walls of blood vessels?

A 
Tunica interna(intima)-deepest layer-simple squamous
Tunica media-middle layer, mostly smooth muscle
Tunica externa (adventitia)-superficial layer, mostly fibrous CT
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3
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away from heart, thick walls to withstand high blood pressure

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4
Q

elastic arteries

A

larger arteries close to the heart, thickest walls - aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid arteries & subclavian arteries

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5
Q

muscular arteries

A

medium sized arteries further from heart, have high proportion of smooth muscle in tunica media- all arteries not listed as elastic arteries

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6
Q

arterioles

A

very small arteries leading to capillaries

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7
Q

Veins

A

carry blood towards the heart, thin walled, carry blood at low pressure, commonly equipped with valves to prevent backwards flow of blood due to gravity

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8
Q

venules

A

extremely small veins that drain blood from capillaries

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9
Q

capillaries

A

the smallest blood vessels that provide site for exchange of substances between the blood and other tissues

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10
Q

precapillary sphincters

A

control the flow of blood through the capillary beds, smooth muscle that respond to local controls

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11
Q

continuous capillaries

A

most common type of capillary found in almost all vascularized tissues, characterized by a complete endothelial lining with tight junctions between endothelial cells

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12
Q

intercellular clefts

A

small spaces between endothelial cells that allow substances to pass though the capillary wall

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13
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

have pores (fenestrations) that make the capillary permeable to larger molecules and enable bulk flow to carry fluids at a higher rate *found in kidney, small intestine, and several endocrine organs

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14
Q

sinusoids

A

least common type of capillary have extensive intercellular gaps and incomplete basement membrane making them highly permeable to larger molecules and cells *found in liver, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes

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15
Q

What factors influence diffusion in capillary beds?

A

minimal diffusion distance
maximized surface area for exchange
maximized time for exchange (slow velocity of flow)

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16
Q

Left and Right coronary arteries

A

branch off from the ascending aorta

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17
Q

Circumflex artery

A

arises from left coronary and follows the coronary sulcus to the left

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18
Q

anterior interventricular artery

A

aka left anterior descending artery (LAD), second major branch arising from the left coronary artery

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19
Q

right coronary artery

A

proceeds along the coronary sulcus and distributes blood to the right atrium, portions of both ventricles and the heart conduction system

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20
Q

Marginal arteries

A

arise from the right coronary artery inferior to the right atrium, supply blood to the superficial portions of the right ventricle

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21
Q

posterior interventricular artery

A

aka posterior descending artery (PDA)-runs along posterior interventricular sulcus

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22
Q

coronary veins

A

drain the heart and generally parallel the large surface arteries

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23
Q

great cardiac vein

A

can be seen initially on the surface of the heart following the interventricular sulcus, but eventually flows along the coronary sulcus into the coronary sinus on the posterior surface, receives several major branches including the middle cardiac vein and the small cardiac vein

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24
Q

Middle cardiac vein

A

parallels posterior interventricular artery

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25
small cardiac vein
drains the blood from the posterior surface of the right atrium and ventricle
26
coronary sinus
large, thin-walled vein on the posterior surface of the heart lying within the coronary sulcus and emptying directly into the right atrium
27
brachiocephalic artery
first branch off the aorta, travels superiorly towards the clavicle and branches into the right common carotid and the right subclavian
28
Left common carotid artery
second branch off the aorta, travels to the head
29
External carotid arteries
supplies skull outside cranium, terminates as superficial temporal artery
30
facial arteries
branch from the external carotid to supply the face
31
internal carotid arteries
supplies everything inside the cranium
32
vertebral arteries
first branch of the subclavian arteries, travels superiorly through cervical transvers foramen and then into the cranium through the foramen magnum
33
basilar artery
formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries
34
circle of willis
circles the pituitary gland, formed by anterior and posterior communicating arteries, connecting the right and left internal carotids and basilar artery
35
anterior cerebral arteries
branches anteriorly from the circle of willis. supplies the frontal lobe
36
middle cerebral arteries
supplies the temporal and parietal lobes
37
posterior cerebral arteries
branches off the basilar artery and supplies posterior cerebrum
38
superior sagittal sinus
runs sagitally along the top of the falx cerebri, drains to the transverse sinus to sigmoid sinus to internal jugular
39
internal jugular vein
receives most of the blood draining from the brain, drains into the subclavian veins forming the brachiocephalic veins
40
external jugular vein
drains scalp and face, empties into the subclavian veins
41
Left subclavian artery
third branch off the aorta, travels under the clavicle and turns into axillary artery
42
internal thoracic
arise from the subclavian and supply the anterior wall of the thoracic cavity
43
axillary artery
as subclavian reaches axillary region it becomes the axillary artery
44
brachial artery
axillary artery turns into the brachial as it runs along the humerus
45
radial artery
runs down the lateral aspect of the forearm
46
ulnar artery
runs down the medial aspect of the forearm
47
palmar arches
radial and ulnar arteries anastomose as deep and superficial palmar arches
48
Veins draining the arm
Palmar venous arches to radial or ulnar vein to brachial vein to axillary vein to subclavian vein to brachiocephalic to superior vena cava
49
basilic vein
drain palmar venous arches and runs along the medial underside of the arm, merges with the brachial vein to become the axillary vein
50
cephalic vein
runs along the lateral side of the arm and merges with axillary becoming subclavian vein
51
medial cubital
antecubital anastomosis of cephalic and basilic veins (common venipuncture site)
52
Azygos ("unpaired") vein
ascends from the abdominal cavity along the right side of the vertebrae
53
Hemiazygos vein
crosses from left to right in front of thoracic vertebrae and joins the azygos vein
54
abdominal aorta
thoracic aorta becomes the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm
55
inferior phrenic arteries
supply the diaphragm
56
celiac trunk
large unpaired branch off the aorta that branches into the common hepatic, the left gastric artery and the splenic artery
57
common hepatic artery
gives off branches to the liver as the hepatic artery proper
58
splenic artery
supplies the stomach, pancreas, and branches terminate in the spleen
59
left gastric artery
supplies the stomach and inferior esophagus
60
superior mesenteric
unpaired branch off the descending aorta, immediately below the celiac trunk-supplies small intestines and most of the large intestines
61
middle colic
branches from the superior mesenteric, supplies transverse colon
62
right colic
branches from superior mesenteric, supplies ascending colon
63
ileocolic
branches from superior mesenteric, supplies ilium and cecum
64
renal arteries
arise on the lateral surface of the abdominal aorta below the superior mesenteric
65
gonadal arteries
arise off the descending aorta between the superior and inferior mesenteric
66
inferior mesenteric
final major unpaired branch of the descending aorta, arises anteriorly and supplies blood to the distal portion of the large intestines and the rectum
67
left colic
branches off the inferior mesenteric, supplies descending colon
68
lumbar arteries
four pairs arise on the posterior of the aorta to supply the posterior abdominal wall
69
Veins draining the digestive organs
different drainage pattern that seen elsewhere. Superior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric vein, and the splenic vein drain into the hepatic portal vein, the liver is then drained by hepatic veins that empty into the inferior vena cava
70
superior mesenteric vein
drains the small intestines and part of the large intestines
71
inferior mesenteric vein
drains the distal portions of the large intestines, joins the splenic vein
72
splenic vein
drains spleen, stomach, and pancreas-joins superior mesenteric forming hepatic portal vein
73
hepatic veins
drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava
74
gonadal veins
the right empties into the inferior vena cava while the left empties into the renal vein
75
renal veins
drain the kidneys into the inferior vena cava
76
common iliac arteries
the descending abdominal aorta branches into the right and left common iliac
77
internal iliac arteries
branches from the common iliac and supplies the pelvic organs
78
external iliac arteries
passes under the inguinal ligament to become femoral
79
femoral arteries
travels down the anterior of femur, on posterior side it becomes popliteal artery behind knee, branches into posterior and anterior tibial arteries
80
dorsalis pedis
forms from the anterior tibial artery at the ankle
81
digital veins
drain into the plantar and dorsal venous arches
82
posterior tibial veins
drainsthe plantar venous arch and travels up the posterior tibia where it is joined by the fibular (peroneal) vein
83
anterior tibial veins
drains the dorsal venous arch and merges with the posterior tibial at the knee to form the popliteal vein
84
popliteal veins
crosses the knee and is joined by the small saphenous vein to form femoral vein
85
small saphenous vein
superficial vein, runs on the lateral aspect of the leg to the popliteal vein
86
femoral veins
drains the thigh. is joined proximally by the femoral circumflex, deep femoral vein, and the great saphenous vein. The femoral vein then crosses under the inguinal ligament and becomes the external iliac vein
87
great saphenous vein
longest vein in the body, runs on medial leg and thigh to the femoral vein
88
external iliac veins
joined by the internal iliac vein to become the common iliac vein
89
common iliac vein
right and left common iliac veins merge to become the inferior vena cava

Human anatomy (27 decks)

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