Axial Skeleton (Lab) Flashcards
Covers the axial skeleton in preparation for the lab portion of anatomy.
1
Q
What is your forehead bone called?
A
Frontal Bone
1
Q
What is the lower arc of your eyebrow called?
A
Superorbital Arch
2
Q
What is the upper arch of your eyebrow called?
A
Supercillary Arch
3
Q
Where are the Parietal Bones
A
Left & Right sides of the Back Cranium/ On top of Head
4
Q
Where is parallel to eyebrows and part of your frontal sinuses?
A
Nasal crease
5
Q
What two arched and curved lines cross the middle of the Parietal Bone?
A
Temporal Lines
6
Q
What “stitches” separate the frontal and parietal bones?
A
Coronal Suture
7
Q
What “stiches” borders the Occipital and both Parietal Bones?
A
Lamboid Suture
8
Q
What “stiches” separate the Parietal Bones?
A
Saggital Suture
9
Q
What “stiches” border the Temporal Bone, Parietal, and Occipital Bone?
A
Squamous Suture
10
Q
What skull bone is in the back lower part of the cranium?
A
Occipital Bone
11
Q
What two rounded knobs on the occipital bone that form a joint with the first cervical vertebra?
A
Occipital Condyles
12
Q
What “hole” does the spine enter the skull through?
What Bone is it a part of?
A
Foramen Magnum
Occipital Bone
13
Q
What lines lie on the occipital bone and on the lateral sides of the External Occipital Proteuberance?
A
Nuchal Lines
14
Q
Where do the muscles attach to form the head?
A
External Occipital Protuberance
16
Q
What forms part of the anterior cranial fossa; part of the nasal septum; roof & lateral walls of nasal Cavity; part of medial wall of eye orbit?
A
Ethmoid Bone
16
Q
What is directly lateral to the Crista Galli of the Ethmoid Bone?
A
Cribriform Plate
17
Q
What is the attachment site for cranial dural septa to help stabilize brain within skull?
A
Crista Galli
18
Q
What is on the Inner lateral Wall of Ethmoid Bone
Anterior View
A
Superior & Middle Nasal Conchae
19
Q
What forms the superior part of the nasal septum?
A
Perpendicular Plate
*Rhino Tusk
20
Q
What is directly lateral to the Crista Galli of the Ethmoid Bone and lies in the Cribriform plate?
A
Cribriform (Olfactory) Foramen
21
Q
What forms a zygomatic arch with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?
A
Temporal Process
22
Q
What bone forms the cheek & lateral part of the orbit?
A
Zygomatic Bone
23
Q
Which part of the Zygomatic bone articulates with the Frontal Bone?
A
Frontal Process
24
What bone unites cranial & facial muscles?
| wings
Sphenoid Bone
25
What are the "Bigger wings" on the Sphenoid Bone?
Greater wings
26
What are the "Smaller wings" on the Sphenoid Bone?
Lesser Wings
27
What is the vertical boundary of the Greater & Lesser Wings?
Pterygoid Process
| *pterygoid canal: transmits nerves
28
What holds the pituitary gland and is part of the Sphenoid Bone?
Sella Turica
29
What shallow, transverse depression is anterior to the sella turica and crosses the superior surface of the Sphenoid Bone?
Optic Groove
30
What are the smallest bones in the body?
| Name all 3.
Ear ossicles
Malleus: "hammer"
Incus: "anvil"
Stapes: "stirrup"
31
What resembles a spiral shell?
Conchae
32
What is located in the inferolateral (below & to one side) wall of the nasal cavity and is a seperate bone nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone?
Inferior Nasal Conchae
33
What bone is bordered by the squamous suture, lies posterior to Zygomatic Bone, and inferior to Parietal Bones?
Temporal Bones
34
What lateral flat surface is directly inferior to squamous suture?
Squamous Part
35
What thick part of the temporal bone houses sensory structures of the inner ear that provide info about hearing and balance?
Petrous part
36
What is the prominent bulge on the inferior surface of the temporal bone and an anchoring site for muscles that move the neck?
```
Mastoid Process
(Masto=breast)
```
37
What entrance is surrounded by the tympanic part on the Temporal Bone.
External Acoustic Meatus
| External Auditory Canals
38
What provides a passageway for nerves and BV of the internal ear?
Part of the internal Temporal Bone
Acoustic Canal
| Internal Acoustic Meatus
39
What long and sharp point lies inferior to the squamous part of the Temporal Bone?
(Points to Zygomatic Bone)
Zygomatic Process
40
Each temporal bone articulates with the mandible inferior to the base of both zygomatic processes in what depression?
Mandibuller Fossa
41
What thin, pointed, projecting bone serves as an attachment for several hyoid and tongue muscles
Styloid Process
42
What paired bone hold the upper teeth/jaw?
Maxillary (maxilla) Bones
43
What hard plate is formed anteriorly by horizontal medial extensions of both maxillae?
Palatine Process
44
What part of the maxilla bone pointing towards the Frontal Bone?
Frontal Process
45
What provides passageway for BV & nerves on the Maxillary Bone.
Infraorbital Foramen
46
Where are the holes for the teeth?
Alveoli of the maxilla bone
47
What holds the teeth in the Maxillary Bone?
Alveolar Process
48
What is the bone of the lower jaw called?
Mandible
49
What horizontal region of the Mandible is connected to the vertical Ramus?
Body of Mandible
50
What vertical region of the Mandible Bone is connected to the horizontal Body?
Ramus
51
What is the anterior projection of the ramus that connects to the temporalis muscle?
Coronoid Process
52
What is the posterior projection of each mandibular ramus called?
(far back of jaw)
Condylar Process
53
What bone forms inferior & posterior parts of nasal septum & is triangular in shape and, when viewed laterally, resembles a farming plow?
Vomer
54
What L-shape bone forms part of the nasal cavity, eye orbits, & hard palate?
Palatine Bones
55
What bone forms posterior part of hard plate; forms small part of nasal caivty and orbit wall?
articulates with the nasal bone anteriorly and with the ethmoid bone posteriorly
Lacrimal Bones
56
What forms the posterior portion of the hard palate on the Palatine Bone?
Horizontal Plate
57
What are the soft spots on a fetal skull called?
| What are the three main soft spots?
Fontanelles
| anterior, posterior, mastoid
58
Which of the fantanelles close quicker?
Mastoid
59
What air-filled chambers open into the nasal cavities?
Paranasal Sinuses
60
What air-filled chamber is superior to the nasal bone?
Frontal Sinus
61
What air-filled chamber is a part of the Sphenoid Bone?
Sphenoidal Sinus
62
What air-filled chamber is part of the Maxillary Bone?
Maxillary Sinus
63
What paired air-filled chambers open from the ethmoid into the nasal cavity?
Ethmoidal Labyrinth (sinus)
64
What immovable joints form the boundaries between the cranial bones?
Skull Sutures
65
What is the petrous part of temporal plate & passes through the internal carotid artery?
Caratoid Canal
66
What passagway is the posterior part of orbit between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone?
Superior Orbital Fissure
67
What passageway is supraorbital margin of orbit in frontal bone?
Supraorbital Foramen
68
What passageway of the junction of the maxilla, sphenoid, & zygomatic bones?
Infraorbital Foramen
69
What passageway between the temporal bone & occipital bone (posterior to carotid canal)?
Jugular Foramen
70
What's the passageway of the Greater Wing of the sphenoid?
Foramen Spinosum
71
What passageway between the petrous part of the temporal bone, sphenoid bone, & occipital bone
Foramen Lacerum
72
What passageway is anteriomedial to occipital condyle of occipital bone?
Hypoglossal Canal
73
What posteomedial part of orbit in lesser wings of sphenoid bone?
Optic Foramen (Canal)
74
What is between mastoid & styloid processes of temporal bone?
Stylomastoid Foramen
75
What passageway is part of the Occipital Bone
Foramen Magnum
76
What passageway is part of the Greater Wing of the Sphenoid Bone
Foramen Ovale
77
What passageway is inferior to second premolar on anterolateral surface of mandible?
Mental Foramen
78
What passageway is inferior to the orbit in the maxilla?
Incisive Fossa (Foramen)
79
What passageway is located on the horizontal plate of the palatine bone?
Greater & Lesser Palatine Foramen
80
What passageway is part of the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible bone?
Mandibular Foramen
81
What are the Lateral openings between vertebrae that are
| passageway for spinal nerves to travel to other parts of body?
Vertebral Foramen
82
What is the articular (connecting site) surface of the inferior articular processes of vertebrae, articulating with the inferior articular facet of the vertebra above to form a zygapophysial joint?
Superior Articular Facet
83
What part of vertebrae projects posteriorily?
Spinous Process
84
What is the anterior, weight bearing structure of almost all vertebrae?
Centrum (Body)
85
What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebrae arch?
Transverse Process
86
What “small foot” forms the lateral vertebral arch and connects to the spinal column?
Pedicle
| Pes=foot
87
What two broad plates, extending dorsally and medially from the pedicles, fusing to complete the roof of the vertebral arch?
Lamina
88
What are the lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae?
Intervertebral Foramen
89
What articular surface of the inferior articular process of vertebrae, articulating with the superior articular facet of the vertebra below to form a zygapophysial joint?
Inferior Articular Facet
90
What vertebrae articulates superiorily w/ the occipital condyles of the Occipital Bone and inferiorily w/ the 1st thoracic vertebrae?
How many are there?
Cervical Vertebrae
| C1-C7
91
What bone forms the point on the nose?
Nasal Bones
92
What deep grove is on the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus, and is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha?
Nasolacrimal Groove
93
What is the first vertebrae called?
Atlas
94
What is the second cervical vertebrae w/ dens/obontoid process?
Axis
95
"U" shaped
Transverse Foramina
96
What is the circular depression that articulates with the entire head or tubercle of the rib?
**only present in the thoracic vertebrae
Costal Facet
97
What is the anterosuperior edge of the first sacral vertebra that bulges anteriorly into the pelvic cavity?
Sacral Promontory
98
What dorsal ridge is formed by the infusion of the spinous processes of individual sacral vertebrae?
Median Sacral crest
99
What 's on the ala lateral surface, marks the site of articulation with the os coxae of the pelvic girdle, & forms the sacroilliac joint?
Auricular Surface
100
What is the semicircular depression that articulates with either the superior or inferior edge of the head of the rib?
**only in thoracic vertebrae
Costal demifacet
101
What vertebrae forms into a single bony structure in the mid to late 20s and articulates with 2 ossa coxae?
How many fused vertebrae are there?
Sacrum
| S1-S5
102
What small infused coccygeal vertebrae is refereed to as the "tailbone"?
How many fused vertebrae?
Coccyx/ Coccygeal Vertebrae
Co1-Co4
**Can fuse to the sacrum when older?
103
What flat bone forms in the anterior midline of the thoracic wall?
aka: "breatbone"
Sternum
104
What is the widest & most superior portion of the sternum?
| *handle of sword
Manubrium
105
What is the shallow superior indentation between the clavicular notches?
Supresternal (juglar) Notch
106
What two notches articulate with the right and left clavicles?
Clavicular Notch
107
What is the longest part of the sternum & forms its bulk?
| *blade of sword
Body of Sternum
| *gladiolus
108
What is the inferiorly pointed projection of the sternum?
| *tip of sword blade
```
Xiphoid Process
(xiphos=sword)
```
109
What are elongated, curved, flattened bones that originate on or between the thoracic vertebrae and end in the anterior wall of the thorax?
Ribs (costae)
110
What ribs connect individually to the sternum by separate costal cartilages?
Which are they?
- True Ribs
| - 1-7
111
What rib's costal cartilages do not attach directly to the sternum?
Which are they?
- False Ribs
| - 8-12
113
What vertebrae forms the "small" region of the back & articulates superiorily w/ the saccrum?
How many are there?
Lumbar Vertebrae
L1-L5
*Note large size of centrum
114
What is the bony framework of the chest called?
Thoracic Cage
115
What part of the rib is at the end closest to the vertebral column, with which it articulates? It is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets (inferior/superior articular facet)
Rib feature: Head (Capitulum)
116
What rib feature lies in between the head & tubercle?
Rib feature: Neck
117
What rib feature has an articular facet for the costal facet on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae?
Rib Feature: Tubercle
118
What rib feature curves anteriorly toward the sternum?
Rib Feature: Shaft (body)
119
What ribs have no connection with the sternum?
| Which are they?
- Floating Ribs (False ribs)
| - 11-12
120
Where is the nasal lacrimal duct located that secretes tears?
Nasal lacrimal groove
121
What rib feature marks the path of nerves & blood vessels to the thoraic wall along inferior internal border?
Rib Feature: Costal Groove
122
What are the soft spots on a fetal skull called?
Fontanelles
| Mastoid, posterior, anterior
123
What rib feature connects true ribs individually to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions?
Rib Feature: Costal Cartilage
