axial skeleton vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Question 1

the axial skeleton includes

Answer 1

skull, vertebrae, notochord, sternum, ribs, and the hyoid bone

Question 2

types of bone

Answer 2

nonlamellar, lamellar, and haversian

Question 3

nonlamellar bone is _____ bone

Answer 3

immature

Question 4

nonlamellar bone is “_____” bone

Answer 4

woven

Question 5

nonlamellar bone is the ______ to form

Answer 5

first

Question 6

lamellar bone is _____ bone

Answer 6

mature

Question 7

lamellar bone is made of ______ ____ fibers

Answer 7

parallel collagen

Question 8

Haversian bone is

Answer 8

modified lamellar bone with osteons

Question 9

compact bone is a

Answer 9

solid mass of lamellar bone

Question 10

spongy bone is also called

Answer 10

cancellous bone

Question 11

cell types in bone

Answer 11

osteoblasts, osteocyte, and osteoclasts

Question 12

ostoblast produce bone _____

Answer 12

matrix

Question 13

osteoblasts are located in the ______

Answer 13

periosteum

Question 14

what is osteogenesis

Answer 14

the production of bone

Question 15

osteoblasts become ______ when they become embedded in the matrix

Answer 15

osteocytes

Question 16

endochondral bone formation

Answer 16

cartilage first then bone, examples- long bones, chondrocranium, vertebrae and pelvis.

Question 17

intramembranous bone formation

Answer 17

bone formed without cartilage intermediate ( examples, dermatocranium, pectoral girdle, maxilla, mandible, sesamoids perichondral bone)

Question 18

endochondral bone begins as _____ cartilage

Answer 18

hyaline

Question 19

appositional bone growth increases ________

Answer 19

diameter

Question 20

Interstitial bone growth increases ______

Answer 20

length

Question 21

intramembranous bone growth starts with the aggregation of _______ cell

Answer 21

mesenchymal

Question 22

intramembranous bone growth produces ______ tissue

Answer 22

osteoid

Question 23

intramembranous bone growth causes

Answer 23

blood supply and osteoblasts to develop

Question 24

osteoblasts deposit _____ _____ into matrix

Answer 24

calcium salts

Question 25

osteoblasts will become ______ in matrix then they become ________

Answer 25

encased; osteocytes

Question 26

continuous layers of bone are added at the surface where _______ _______

Answer 26

osteoblasts remain

Question 27

the C1 is also called the

Answer 27

atlas

Question 28

C2 is also called the

Answer 28

axis

Question 29

parts of the human spine

Answer 29

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

Question 30

parts of intervertebral disc

Answer 30

nucleus pulposus, and anulus fibrosus

Question 31

parts of human vertebrae

Answer 31

Body, transverse process, spinous process, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, superior articular facet, inferior articular facet

Question 32

human cervical vertebrae

Answer 32

spinus process, transverse foramen (vertebral artery and vein), superior articular facet, interior articular facet

Question 33

the atlas has a ________ _______ _______ that articulates with the _______ ______

Answer 33

superior articular facet; occipital condyles

Question 34

the axis has a_______ _______ ______ that articulates with the _______

Answer 34

superior articular facet; atlas

Question 35

human thoracic vertebrae

Answer 35

transverse costal facet, superior costal faucet, inferior notch

Question 36

three parts of the skull

Answer 36

splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, dermatocranium

Question 37

the sacrum is made up of

Answer 37

fused bones

Question 38

the coccyx is also called

Answer 38

the tailbone due to the fact that it is a vestigial tail

Question 39

the human sternum is made of the

Answer 39

manubrium, sternebrae, and the xiphoid cartilage

Question 40

the human ribs are made of

Answer 40

true, false, and floating ribs

Question 41

the tail region in gnathostomes is made up of

Answer 41

centrum, neural arches, and hemal arches

Question 42

gnathostomes spines incluse

Answer 42

centrum, vertebral canal (dorsal to notochord), neural arch, neural spine, hemal spine, hemal arch, and gill support

Question 43

hag fish have no _______

Answer 43

vertebrae

Question 44

in hagfish and lamprey the ______ acts as axial support

Answer 44

notochord

Question 45

in lampreys they have a ________ vertebral pieces

Answer 45

cartilaginous

Question 46

in lampreys they have annular cartilage which supports

Answer 46

the mouth

Question 47

in lampreys they have lingual cartilage which supports the

Answer 47

tongue

Question 48

lampreys have a pericardial cartilage which surrounds the

Answer 48

heart

Question 49

in adult sharks there is no

Answer 49

notochord

Question 50

in sharks the vertebrae provides

Answer 50

axial support

Question 51

sharks have two types of vertebrae being

Answer 51

the trunk and cadual

Question 52

in sharks the trunk vertebrae is missing the

Answer 52

hemal arch

Question 53

in sharks the caudal vertebrae is missing the

Answer 53

hemal arch and hemal spine

Question 54

(bony fish) the sturgeons vertebral column is

Answer 54

unossified

Question 55

in bony fish the ribs are attachments for ______ muscle

Answer 55

axial

Question 56

Bullfrog vertebrae includes

Answer 56

Dorsal neural spines, neural canal, transverse process, centrum, cervical, trunk (transverse process) and sacral (transverse process)

Question 57

toad vertebrae

Answer 57

Dorsal neural spines, neural canal, transverse process, centrum, cervical, trunk (transverse process) and sacral (transverse process)

Question 58

in mudpuppies the ribs are

Answer 58

bicipital

Question 59

in mudpuppies the sternum is

Answer 59

absent

Question 60

in mudpuppies the cervical spine is

Answer 60

singular

Question 61

In Mudpuppies the atlas only articulates with the

Answer 61

occipital condyles

Question 62

in mudpuppies the trunk has

Answer 62

a persistent notochord, neural arches, neural spines, and a transverse process that articulates with the ribs

Question 63

in mudpuppies the sacral is single and has a ___

Answer 63

rib

Question 64

the cadual in mudpuppies has a

Answer 64

hemal arch

Question 65

Reptiles like the alligators has

Answer 65

true ribs and false ribs

Question 66

in reptiles like alligators the vertebrae are made up of

Answer 66

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal

Question 67

in alligators the gastralia has

Answer 67

dermal bones in the ventral body wall

Question 68

in chickens the vertebral column is mostly

Answer 68

fused

Question 69

birds have a single

Answer 69

occipital condyle

Question 70

in chickens the axis allows rotation between the ____ and the ____

Answer 70

atlas and axis

Question 71

in chickens the ribs fused to the

Answer 71

thoracic vertebrae

Question 72

in chickens the floating ribs are not attached to the

Answer 72

sternum

Question 73

in chickens the keel is used to

Answer 73

widen attachement for flight muscles

Question 74

in chickens the pygostyle is the plate of bones that forms

Answer 74

a tail

Question 75

in pigeons there is a synsacrum

Answer 75

where most vertebral bones are fused to the pelvis

Question 76

types of human teeth

Answer 76

incisors, canine, premolars, and molars