Integument Flashcards
1
Q
Four primary tissue types
A
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
2
Q
Epithelial tissue is grouped according to
A
1- number of layers
Simple (single), stratified (multi), pseudo stratified (single but appears multi)
2- morphology
Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube), columnar ( rectangular), transitional relaxed ( cuboidal), stretched ( squamous)
3
Q
The epidermis comes from the
A
Ectoderm
4
Q
The lining of the cardiovascular system comes from
A
Mesoderm
5
Q
The lining of the respiratory, urogenital and gastrointestinal tract comes from
A
The endoderm
6
Q
Epithelial glands
A
Exocrine - ducts
Endocrine- release product into blood
7
Q
types of loose connective tissue
A
Areolar CT
Adipose tissue
Reticular tissue
8
Q
Dense connective tissue types
A
Dense regular CT
dense irregular CT
Elastic CT
9
Q
Areolar connective tissue has _______
A
Fibrocytes
10
Q
areolar tissue has _____ and ______ fibers
A
collagen; elastic
11
Q
areolar tissue is found in the _____ layer
A
papillary layer
12
Q
Adipose tissue has
A
Adipocytes
13
Q
adipose tissue has cells filled with _______
A
lipids
14
Q
adipose tissue has almost no ______
A
maxtrix
15
Q
Reticular tissue has some _______
A
fibroblasts
16
Q
reticular tissue is mainly _____ _____
A
blood cells
17
Q
Reticular tissues has _______ fibers
A
reticular
18
Q
Dense regular CT has
A
Fibroblasts
19
Q
dense regular CT has _______ _______ fibers
A
parallel collagen
20
Q
dense regular ct has some _________ fibers
A
elastic
21
Q
Dense regular ct has ________ but mostly _____
A
tendons; ligaments
22
Q
dense regular ct has not much _______ substance
A
ground
23
Q
dense regular tissue ha a _____ _____ supply
A
small blood
24
Q
Dense irregular CT has ______
A
Fibroblasts
25
Dense irregular CT has irregular ______ _____
collagen fibers
26
Dense irregular CT has some ______ _____
elastic fibers
27
Dense irregular CT is in the
dermis
28
Dense irregular CT _______ of organs
capsules
29
Elastic connective tissue has
Fibroblasts
30
Elastic connective tissue is well _______
organized
31
Elastic connective tissue is mainly _______ _____
elastic fibers
32
Elastic connective tissue is the walls of ______ arteries
elastic
33
What is a fibroblast
A cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue.
34
Fluid connective tissue has many ______ ____ _____
Red blood cells
35
Fluid connective tissue has _____ _____ ____
white blood cell
36
Fluid connective tissue has ______
platelets
37
Fluid connective tissue has _____ _____
lymph node
38
Cartilage is ________ and ______
A vascular ; a neural
39
Cartilage has _______ and ______ fibers
Collagen ; elastic
40
What are chondrocytes
Mature cartilage cells
41
Types of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
42
Hyaline cartilage
Most common, forms most skeletal bone prior to ossification, articulate ends of long bones, Chondral part of ribs, tracheal rings, parts of skull
43
Elastic cartilage has ______ _______
Elastic fibers (found in auricle, epiglottis )
44
Fibrocartilage
Stronger, resists compression, locations ( intervertebral discs, menisci, pubic symphysis)
45
Excitable tissues types
Muscle and nervous
46
Muscle tissue types
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
47
Nervous tissue has _______ and _______
Neurons (nerve cell), neuroglia ( supporting cells)
48
Muscle tissue origin
Mesoderm
49
Nervous tissue origin
Ectoderm
50
Integument
Large organ, protective barrier, thermo regulation, osmoregulation, pigments protect form UV
51
Dermis ( true skin)
Thick, inner layer, from mesoderm, has blood and nerve supply, nourishes epidermis
52
Epidermis
Thin, outer layer, from ectoderm, avascular and aneural, mostly dead cells, new cells from stratum basale
53
Dermal bones are the
Plates of bones, intramembranous ossification, forms flat bones of skull, true horns
54
Dermal scales
Bony scales
55
Chromatophores
Give color to pigmented skin, found in reptiles, amphibians, fish
56
Epidermal scales
Keratin deposits, horny scales
57
Epidermis makes (external anatomy)
hair feathers, nails, claws, and hooves
58
Reptiles and amphibians shed the
Epidermis
59
Avians molt their
Feathers
60
Sensory receptors and most glands reside in the
Dermis
61
Blood vessels are in the
Dermis
62
Keratinizaton and keratinocytes are found in the
Epidermis
63
Exocrine ducts from the exocrine gland run through the
Epidermis
64
Hair follicles have a
Epidermal sheath
65
Layers of the epidermis
Stratum corneum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, stratum basale
66
Stratum basale
Has actively dividing cells, melanocytes and tactile epithelial cells, meeker cells
67
Stratum spinosum
Keratinocytes joined by desmosomes, contains pre-keratin, dendritic cells
68
Stratum granulosum
Dying cells that releases lipids, contains keratohyalin granules
69
Papillary layer
Touch receptors, free nerve endings dermal papillae attach to epidermis
70
Reticular layer
Free nerve endings, lamellar corpuscle, hair root plexus
71
Glands
Sebaceous glands, eccrine (watery secretions), apocrine ( water protein and fat)
72
Integument of fish
Stratum compactum
Most have a non-keratinized epidermis
Typically living epidermis
Cell division in multi layers
73
Fish Integument
Epidermis covered in
mucous
74
Dermal scales develop from
Dermal bone which is often covered with enamel, and dentin
75
Amphioxus epidermis
Mucous on surface layer, need to remain moist, helps laminar flow of water
76
Amphioxus dermis
Orderly collagen fibers, structural support, maintains flexibility
77
Hagfish and lampreys have
No dermal bone, no scales
78
Hagfish and lampreys have _______ glands
Unicellular (granular cells and club cells)
79
Hagfish and lampreys have organized
Dermis (layers of fibrous connective tissue)
80
Hagfish have ______ cells
Tread ( release mucous)
81
Sharks have no
Dermal bone so they have placoid scales that project through the epidermis
82
Bony fish have
Dermal scales, chromatophores, unicellular glands (club cells) epidermal secretory cells and repost scales
83
Types of bony fish scales
Placoid, cosmoid, ganoid, cycloid
84
Amphibians have
No dermal scales, leydig cells, exocrine cells (mucus and poison glands) cutaneous respiration
85
Reptiles have a ______ outer layer
Keratinized
86
Reptiles have ______ mucus glands
Less
87
Reptiles have ______ glands
Scent
88
Reptiles have ______ scales
Epidermal; so they lack enamel, dentin and bone. There is a flexible hinge
89
A scute is a
Large flats scale like in turtles
90
Reptiles have ______ glands
Exocrine (mucus and poison)
91
Reptiles undergo ______ which is the molting of skin
Ecdysis ( this produces new stratum granulosum and stratum corneum)
92
Birds have ______ scales on their legs
Epidermal
93
Birds molt their
Feathers
94
Birds have keratinized ______ ______
Stratum corneum
95
Birds have a Uropygial gland that is located
At the base of the tail, it secretes lipids and proteins
96
Types of bird feathers
Contour, flight, down
97
Contour feathers cover the
Body ( rachis- central shaft, barbs- contain interlocking barbules and calamus-quill)
98
Flight feathers are
Long
99
Down feathers are for
Insulation (lack barbs and rachis)
100
Mammals have chromatophores which secrete _______
melanin
101
Mammals have mermen cells which
Are mechanoreceptors
102
Mammals have langerhan cells which
Mediate cell immunity
103
True horns have
Horny hard epidermis covering bone and thick stratum corneum layer
104
Antlers have
Detachable bone covered with soft Integument, abscission line between pedi Le and coronet of antler
105
Rinos horn is made of
Keratin
106
Giraffes have a
Bony extension covered with soft Integument
107
Sebaceous glands
Produce oil ( not on palms and soles)
108
Eccrine glands produce
Watery secretions and they are not found near hair follicles
109
Apocrine glands secrete
The thick lipid fluid
110
Sweat glands are found mainly in
Humans fro thermoregulation
111
Hair matrix contains
Germinal keratinocytes
112
The dermal papillae
Regulates mitosis rate of matrix
113
Three layers of hair
Medulla (innermost), cortex (surrounds medulla), cuticle (outermost, thin, protective)
114
Hair shaft
Projects from surface
115
Hair root
portion encased in the follicle
116
Hair bulb
Widened base of the root
117
Hair follicle
Sheathe surrounding hair root
118
Unguis
Nail claw or hoof
119
Only primates have
Nails
120
Cats typically have retractable
Claws
121
Cheetahs and foxes have
Semi-retractable claws
122
Raptors have ________ other birds have _____
Talons ; claws
123
Horses pigs hippos etc have
Hooves
124
Nail matrix
Stratum basale with germinal cells
125
Nail bed
Stratum basale, but just attachment
126
Hyponychium
Area under free edge
127
Eponychium
Cuticle
128
Lunule
Proximal region of nail
129
Nail plate
Attached keratinized portion
130
(Hoof) stratum externum
Thin outer layer extending down wall
131
(Hoof) stratum medium
Thickest middle layer
132
(Hoof) stratum internum
Innermost layer interdigitates with dermal laminae
133
Laminitis
Inflammation that causes separation between epidermal and dermal laminae
134
Baleen of a whale
No bone, keratinized epidermis used as strainer for krill
