Respiratory System Study Questions

Question 1

What is external respiration

Answer 1

gas exchange between air and blood at the lung

Question 2

what is internal respiration

Answer 2

gasses must be exchanged between blood and tissue cells

Question 3

what are the main organs for external respiration in adult vertebrates?

Answer 3

gills or lungs

Question 4

characterize the gills of cartilaginous fish vs bony fish

Answer 4

cartilaginous fish- 5-10 sets of gill slits
bony fish- have an operculum that covers gills

Question 5

how does water move through the gills of cartilaginous fish vs bony fish

Answer 5

cartilaginous fish- ram ventilation pushes water through the gills
bony fish- swallow water and push through their gills

Question 6

what is an operculum and what is its function

Answer 6

a gill cover that bony fish have to cover the gill slits for protection

Question 7

how does the swim bladder develop

Answer 7

derived from an outpouching of the digestive tube. It contains gas to help fish maintain depth without floating or sinking

Question 8

which groups have a swim bladder

Answer 8

bony fish have a swim bladder, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals do not

Question 9

what is the pneumatic duct

Answer 9

connection between esophagus and swim bladder

Question 10

what is the principal role of the swim bladder

Answer 10

to maintain buoyancy

Question 11

characterize the larynx of tetrapods below mammals

Answer 11

mammals and reptiles have vocal folds to produce sounds
birds do not have this instead they produce sounds from the bottom of the trachea

Question 12

what is the epiglottis

Answer 12

lid coving the larynx during swallowing in mammals

Question 13

what is the function of the trachea

Answer 13

allow passage of inspired and expired air into and out of the lungs

Question 14

what are cartilaginous rings and what are their functions

Answer 14

a strong flexible c shaped tissue that supports the trachea

Question 15

what are bronchi? Which groups have a syrinx?

Answer 15

bronchi have large tubes that connect the trachea to the left and right lungs. birds have a syrinx

Question 16

where is the syrinx and what is its function

Answer 16

it is located at the caudal end of the trachea and it is a second voice box

Question 17

characterize the lungs if amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Answer 17

amphibians- bidirectional buccal pump
reptiles- bidirectional, aspiration pump
birds- cross current unidirectional flow, air sac system
mammals- bidirectional, aspiration pump

Question 18

which groups have air sacs and what are the functions

Answer 18

birds; they serve as internal compartments which hold air and facilitate internal air passage to allow birds to have a continuous flow of large volumes of air through the lungs

Question 19

how does air move through the avian respiratory system? what is the advantage?

Answer 19

birds have small lungs and nine air sacs the air sacs permit a unidirectional flow of air they breathe is “fresh” and has a higher o2 concentration which gives them the advantage of having more oxygen diffuse into the blood

Question 20

how does air flow through the mammalian respiratory system

Answer 20

after it enters the trachea it gets spread out by the bronchi to the alveoli then the oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and mammals have bidirectional breathing

Question 21

what is the role of the diaphragm in mammalian respiration

Answer 21

involved in breathing “aspirational” pump it contracts and relaxes to move air into the lungs

Question 22

crosscurrent fish

Answer 22

the air carrying the oxygen is moving through the respiratory structures (parabronchi), which are positined perpendicular to the movement of blood around the parabronchi

Question 23

crosscurrent birds

Answer 23

within parabrachial lungs
unidirectional flow at an oblique angle

Question 24

why don’t cartilaginous fish need a swim bladder

Answer 24

they are less dense than bony fish

Question 25

what animals have lungs

Answer 25

adult amphibians
reptiles
birds
mammals

Question 26

what is needed for cutaneous respiration

Answer 26

moist amphibians
thin keratin
is mainly used to diffuse co2 out

Question 27

accessory organs for birds

Answer 27

air sacs

Question 28

dog shark respiration path

Answer 28

mouth- internal gills- parabrachial cavity- external gills

Question 29

in dogfish sharks the mouth and spiracle are involved in respiration

Answer 29

then oxygen travels to the h20 transpasive- oral cavity- pharynx- then gills

Question 30

frog four stage ventilation

Answer 30

1- buccal cavity increase in size
2-glottis opens
3-nares close
4-glottis closes and lungs fill