B1 - Intro infrastructure Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is infrastructure?
Infrastructure is part of urban spaces and functions, involving physical systems and services provided to society.
What are sociotechnical systems in cities?
Cities are complex systems with interlinked structures and people, comprising two subsystems: social and technical.
What does the social subsystem include?
The social subsystem includes organizations, institutions, people, knowledge, skills, and values.
What does the technical subsystem include?
The technical subsystem includes technologies and procedures for performance and satisfaction.
What are urban areas composed of?
- Physical subsystem (buildings, roads, infrastructure networks)
- Human subsystem (activities, organizations, culture, history, governance).
What is urban infrastructure?
Urban infrastructure consists of embedded sociotechnical systems that provide essential services and link people to natural resources.
What are the two components of infrastructure?
Infrastructure is the combination of physical infrastructure (assets and facilities) and services (delivery of products to end-users).
What is primary infrastructure?
Primary infrastructure includes base systems like roads, electricity, water, and telecom.
What is secondary infrastructure?
Secondary infrastructure depends on primary infrastructure and includes health, education, cultural, and penal infrastructures.
What are the dimensions of urban infrastructure systems?
The dimensions include:
* technical
* economic
* jurisdictional
* environmental
* social
What are line technologies?
roads, pipelines, and cables.
What are node technologies?
substations and transformers.
What are economic characteristics of infrastructure?
- High construction and operation costs
- economies of scale (low marginal cost/user)
- natural monopolies
- many are being public goods(street lightning).
What are jurisdictional characteristics of infrastructure?
- Jurisdictional characteristics involve infrastructure often exceeding city boundaries
- Requiring interconnectivity
- Interoperability, and joint management.
How do infrastructures affect the environment?
Infrastructures can have:
* negative effects e.g., CO₂, pollution
* positive effects e.g., green roofs, ecosystem support, renewables
What are social characteristics of infrastructure?
Social characteristics indicate that access and service quality vary among social groups, with poorer communities often receiving lower-quality services.
What are user requirements for effective infrastructure delivery?
Essential for effective infrastructure delivery
* Accessibility (wheelchair access)
* timely services (short wait time)
* reliability
* quality for all citizens.
