B2 - Waste management & planning Flashcards
(34 cards)
How much did resource use grow during the 20th century?
- Construction materials ×34
- Ores & minerals ×27
- Fossil fuels ×12
- Biomass ×3.6
What are the environmental impacts of massive resource use?
Overexploitation, climate change, pollution, land-use change, biodiversity loss.
What is the challenge regarding global resource use?
Reduce global resource use while improving human well-being.
What is resource decoupling?
Less resource use per economic output.
What is impact decoupling?
Reduced environmental impact from activities.
What are resources?
Natural assets used to generate economic value.
What is defined as waste according to the Swedish Environmental Code?
Anything disposed of, intended to be disposed of, or required to be disposed of.
What is the waste hierarchy from most to least desirable?
- Prevention
- Reuse
- Recycling
- Energy recovery
- Landfilling
What is the Precautionary Principle in waste management?
Act when health/environment risks exist, even without full scientific proof.
What is the Proximity Principle in waste management?
Waste should be managed close to where it is generated.
What does the Polluter Pays principle state?
Those causing pollution must bear the cost of cleanup and prevention.
What are the categories of waste?
- Municipal solid waste
- Garden & bulky waste
- Organic waste
- Hazardous waste
- Industrial waste
- Special waste
- Producer responsibility waste.
How much household waste was generated in Sweden in 2023?
4.1 million tonnes (395 kg/person).
How much household waste was sorted into separate fractions in Sweden in 2023?
2.2 million tonnes.
How much household waste was treated as residual waste in Sweden in 2023?
1.7 million tonnes
What percentage of household waste bags are incorrectly sorted in Sweden?
60%.
What systems are used for waste collection and transport?
Bins, multi-compartment containers, color-coded bags, underground containers.
What are the two types of recycling infrastructure?
Municipal recycling centers and Recycling stations.
What are the treatment methods for waste?
Material recycling, Biological treatment, Energy recovery, Landfilling.
Why is monitoring important in waste management?
To track progress in resource-efficient waste management and evaluate long-term goals.
What are the responsibilities of municipalities in waste management?
Manage household waste not covered by producer responsibility.
What is the responsibility of producers in waste management?
Responsible for their own product-related waste.
What is the role of households in waste management?
Sorting and disposal of waste.
