B1 Skill, continua, transfer

Question 1

What is a skill?

Answer 1

a learned action/ behaviour with intention of bringing about predetermined results with a minimum outlay of time and energy

Question 2

What is an ability?

Answer 2

inherited from your parents, is a stable trait which determines and individuals potential to learn/acquire a skill
underpins a skill

Question 3

Example of a skill?

Answer 3

rugby player passing ball
free throw in basketball

Question 4

Example of ability?

Answer 4

gymnast on beam showing balance

Question 5

What is a simple skill?

Answer 5

requires few decisions when being performed
little information to process
few sub-routines
habitual

Question 6

What is a complex skill?

Answer 6

requires decision making using lots of information
a number of sub-routines

Question 7

What is an open skill?

Answer 7

occur in variable and unpredictable environments.
perceptional
externally paced
decision making

Question 8

What is a closed skill?

Answer 8

occur in fixed and predictable situations.
self-paced
habitual
limited information processing

Question 9

What is a self-paced skill?

Answer 9

performer controls the start and speed of a skill
no external factors
usually closed skills

Question 10

What is an externally-paced skill?

Answer 10

performer has no control over the start or speed of the skill
reacting to environment factors
usually open skills

Question 11

What is a gross skill?

Answer 11

uses large muscle groups
not very precise
balistic

Question 12

What is a fine skill?

Answer 12

uses smaller muscle groups
high levels of hand eye coordination
small, precise movements
intricate

Question 13

What is a high organisation skill?

Answer 13

difficult to break down into sub-routines
often flowing when performed

Question 14

What is a low organisation skill?

Answer 14

easy to break down into sub-routines

Question 15

What is a discreet skill?

Answer 15

a clear beginning and end

Question 16

What is a serial skill?

Answer 16

a number of discrete joined together

Question 17

What is a continuous skill?

Answer 17

an unclear beginning and end

Question 18

Example of a self-paced skill

Answer 18

golf swing

Question 19

Example of externally-paced skill

Answer 19

receiving badminton serve, only start returning shot after opponent has performed serve
catching in cricket

Question 20

Example of a gross skill

Answer 20

sprinting
shot putt

Question 21

Example of a fine skill

Answer 21

archery
spinning cricket ball

Question 22

Example of an open skill

Answer 22

rugby pass

Question 23

Example of a closed skill

Answer 23

tennis serve

Question 24

Example of a complex skill

Answer 24

passing in football

Question 25

Example of a simple skill

Answer 25

weightlifting

Question 26

Example of a high organisation skill

Answer 26

sprinting

Question 27

Example of a low organisation skill

Answer 27

throwing javelin

Question 28

Example of a discreet skill

Answer 28

free shot in basketball

Question 29

Example of a serial skill

Answer 29

diving/triple jump

Question 30

Example of a continuous skill

Answer 30

dribbling basketball, running, cycling

Question 31

What is transfer?

Answer 31

the influence of one skill on another it can be a help or hindrance to performance

Question 32

What is negative transfer?

Answer 32

one skill hinders another

Question 33

What is positive transfer?

Answer 33

one skill helps another

Question 34

What is proactive transfer?

Answer 34

a previously learnt skill has an impact on a newly learnt skill

Question 35

What is retroactive transfer?

Answer 35

a newly learnt skill has an impact on a previously learnt skill

Question 36

What is bilateral transfer?

Answer 36

being able to do skill with both sides of body

Question 37

What is zero transfer?

Answer 37

no effect on learning

Question 38

What is an example of positive transfer?

Answer 38

cricket throw / baseball pitch tennis serve / volleyball spike

Question 39

What is an example of negative transfer?

Answer 39

tennis serve / badminton return (badminton = more wrist) hockey hit / golf drive

Question 40

What is an example of bilateral transfer?

Answer 40

kicking with both feet tackling with right/left shoulder

Question 41

How can positive transfer be optimised?

Answer 41

make practices game related + realistic explain / point out similarities teach similar skills together positive reinforcement and praise teach fundamental skills first build sub-routines progressively

Question 42

How can negative transfer be reduced?

Answer 42

explain / point out differences teach different skills apart punish / reinforce behaviour don't want ensure incorrect skills not learnt