B2 Methods and types of practice Flashcards
What is part practice?
skill broken down into subroutines
then subroutines practiced separately
then sub, routines put together
What is whole practice?
Not broken into sub-routines
Skill learned in its complete form
Movement attempted holistically
What is whole-part-whole practice?
Skill practiced in its entirety then
sub-routines practised separately
Then complete skill practised again
What is progressive-part practice?
Parts/subroutines of a skill practised separately then combined gradually into larger parts until whole skill achieved
What are the advantages for part practice?
Good for closed skills and low organisation e.g. tennis serve
Helps understanding
Raises confidence + motivation
Safer for learning dangerous skills
What are the disadvantages for part practice?
Not suitable for skill of high organisation e.g. sprinting
Limits awareness of whole skill
Transfer to whole skill may be difficult
What are the advantages for whole practice?
Good for high organisation, continuous and simple skills e.g. sprinting / cycling
Gives holistic view of skill
Saves time
Encourages fluency
Good for high ability learners
What are the disadvantages for whole practice?
Unsuitable for complex skills e.g. triple jump
Difficult for low abilities and those as the cognitive stage of learning
Can be de-motivating if failure experienced
What are the advantages for whole-part-whole practice?
Good for low organisation + serial skill e.g. shot putt
Combines use of whole and part methods
Allows focus on weak sub-routines
What are the disadvantages for whole-part-whole practice?
Unsuitable for high organisation skill e.g. sprinting / cycling
Can be difficult for leaners with low ability / motivation
Lots of information to process
What are the advantages for progressive-part practice?
Good for low organisation, serial and complex skills e.g. triple jump/bowling
Quicker than part with similar uses
Transfer of sub-routines more likely than with part practice
What is massed practice?
Practice is repetitive and continuous
No rest intervals
E.g. repetitive and continuous drives in golf or set shots in basketball
What is distributed practice?
Practice is interrupted with breaks for discussion and recovery
E.g. sprinting or swimming
What is varied practice?
Practice skill in different environments / situations
Different activities performed in different ways
E.g. hockey players passing in different practice situations
What is fixed practice?
Stays the same
The environment / situation doesn’t change
Practice repeated in the same environment
E.g. javelin throw or dismount from high bar
What are the advantages of massed practice?
Ideal for discrete skills e.g. golf drive or basketball shot
Good at autonomous stage
What are the disadvantages of massed practice?
Can be too exhausting and / or boring
Could cause drive reduction or mental fatigue
What are the advantages of distributed practice?
Ideal for high energy continuous skills e.g. sprinting or swimming
Time for rest
Best at cognitive stage
What are the disadvantages of distributed practice?
Rest intervals may disrupt practice
Can be hard to regain intensity
What are the advantages of fixed practice?
Ideal for closed skills e.g. javelin
Good at cognitive stage
Can perfect skill
What are the disadvantages of fixed practice?
Not suitable for open skills
May become boring
Does not prepare in game situation
What are the advantages of varied practice?
Ideal for open skills in games of hockey and rugby
Good at autonomous stage
Good when skill already been learned
What are the disadvantages of varied practice?
Basic skills must first be learned in fixed practice
Too many stimuli may overload
